Authors, journalists,and artists throughout the Modern Chinese Essay

Authors, journalists,and artists throughout the Modern Chinese - Essay Example The reporting of incidents and occurrences using the invented methods like writing and picture taking improved journalism and made it advance to the level it is in the modern days. This paper will give a clear analysis on two pieces of journalism and literature that have become impressions of art In reviewing the works of Ah Cheng, he gives out his ideas about journalism, art, and literature in China. Ah Cheng came to the public and became famous in the 1980s. The period saw him as a member and one of the ‘seeking roots’ literary movement. In the movement, he was with other writers such as Han Shaogong and Mo Yan. Before Cheng became involved in writing and started writing fiction articles, he was fond of helping his father, Zhong Dianfei, who was a film critic. His father had composed the article, ‘The Art of Cinema’. Both Cheng and his father used ideas and influences that originated from Karl Marx, Hegel, the philosophies and ideas of Confucianism as well the classical Chinese literature writings such as the ‘The Book of Changes’. In the Festival by A Cheng, he draws inspiration from Kansha’s Observing Decapitation and Join the Crowd of Onlookers by Weiguan to depict different scenes in his work. Cheng uses vivid descriptions in his works to bring the reader closer to his scene in ways that place the reader as part of the events. The author takes his time to bring out even the minute details such as the description of drying up gun powder using iron skillets (Cheng 128). Cheng does not just mention that the individuals were drying up gun powder, but rather delves into the details to outline the process and bring the reader closer to the event. Such depictions are taken in positive light especially when the scene regards positive attributes that the society holds dear. In drawing a similarity to Kansha’s Decapitation, the festival has vivid descriptions of scenes that draw negative attitudes due to depictions of violence and

Epistemology and Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Epistemology and Knowledge Essay Epistemology, or the study of knowledge, requires the scholar analyze the what, how, and why’s of their own knowledge. Asking these questions of themselves is essentially applying that which they have learned. There are different origins of knowledge as conceptualized by philosophers, educators, and scientists. Early philosophers defined knowledge as â€Å"justified true belief† (Cooper, pg. 23). In order for an individual to know something it must be true, he or she must believe it, and the belief in it must be justified or rationally reasonable. Later, early modern philosophers required knowledge to be proven and absolute. The scientific method was employed to provide proof for ideas and beliefs. The means by which knowledge is acquired varies. Feldman cites sources of knowledge as perception, expert testimony, memory, reasoning, and introspection (Feldman, 2003). As an educator, instructing primary age students on a daily basis, I must not only have great insight into what I believe, but I also must have insight into my student’s knowledge as well. Instructors need to know a number of things about their students, such as: Do the students have adequate prior knowledge to understand the new material being presented? Are the students sufficiently motivated to engage in the cognitive tasks required of them? Does the information fit an existing scheme of knowledge or will it require some alteration of current understanding? Understanding what my student know and at what depth they are able to apply that knowledge guides my instruction. My natural curiosity, a natural inclination for question, and a need for answers motivate the search for explanations. Knowledge and wisdom give an understanding of our position, role, and function in the world. Achterbergh and Vriens (2002) stated, â€Å"The role of knowledge in generating appropriate actions is that it serves as a background for articulating possible courses of action (articulation), for judging whether courses of action will yielded the intended result and for using this judgment in selecting among them (selection), for deciding how actions should be implemented and for actually implementing action (implementation)† (pg. 223). Knowledge enables interpretation of experiences, predictions of consequences, and provides the ability to make informed decisions. My own personal epistemology is a product of each of these views. Personal experiences have a major influence on beliefs and should be an acceptable source of knowledge but not the only consideration when acquiring knowledge. There is also a place for the scientific method which offers proven data to base knowledge. For me, knowledge is a product of reasoning (Feldman, 2003). I derive knowledge from information imported through different modes and from various sources, such as personal experiences, advice from experts, and data. These inputs of information are cognitively processed and filtered with the reference to past experience and prior knowledge to become new â€Å"justified true beliefs† (Cooper, ). Thus, knowledge acquisition is a process involving the collection of raw data or information, reasoning, and judgment making. For example, after my students have taken a test, I look at the data, think about the patterns in the data, or the lack of a pattern using prior knowledge and experiences as a filter. Finally, I decide what my next step or strategy will be. Do I need to reteach the subject because the pattern suggests that most of my students did not fully understand the skill or concept? Or do I move on to another more complex skill or concept because my students have proven themselves knowledgeable? It is in this way that I acquire knowledge and apply that knowledge to planning lessons for my students. Many of my colleagues rely solely on the scientific method to make decisions in regards to student learning. They are satisfied with looking at a spreadsheet full of data and believe that it tells the complete story in regards to students. They are also under the assumption that scores derived from a series of multiple choice tests given on a set of skills will reveal if a student has acquired the desired knowledge. Basing grades on these tests is also appropriate. I do not believe that this tells the full story of my student’s knowledge. These tests may demonstrate the ability to regurgitate this knowledge within a certain context, but out of this context this may not be true. I do, however, use this data to help inform many of my decisions, however, I do not make decisions based exclusively on this data. There must be a balance  of reasoning, using my 16 years of experiences and training, as well as raw data tells a more complete story of my student’s knowledge and abilities. I have worked for Porterville Unified School District (PUSD), in Porterville, California, my entire career. PUSD’s vision and mission statements read as follows: â€Å"PUSD students will have the skills and knowledge to be prepared for college and career and to make a positive impact in a dynamic global society. The mission of PUSD is to provide students a dynamic, engaging and effective educational experience that prepares them with the skills to be productive citizens in a global society. † As a result, it is perceived that all students will develop and demonstrate â€Å"critical thinking and problem solving skills; cultural awareness and the ability of collaborate with diverse groups; effective communication skills of listening, speaking and writing; creativity and innovation; leadership, self-management and organizational skills obtained through real world applications and community involvement; (and) the ability to navigate the global world of work and further their education (Porterville, 2012). † Porterville Unified (PUSD) has given explicit expectations for what students should know at the end of their educational career with the district, how students get to these end goals is a little less clear and left to the judgment of the teachers. There are some expectations of teachers and lessons presented to students given by the district. Many professional development hours have been spent on instructing teachers about the specific things that administrators will look for as they do brief observations of classroom instruction. The expectations include teaching explicitly to the essential standards; posting of the essential standard being taught; 80% student engagement during the lesson; display of exemplary work; higher order questioning and thinking skills. Administrators collect this data and share it with grade levels and school wide to help teachers focus on areas that are lacking. Administrator walk-throughs give a quick snap shot of the type of teaching and learning taking place during a lesson and they help to build a holistic picture of the teaching methods and resources being used (Hetzner, 2011). PUSD has placed an emphasis on the strategies needed for effective lessons and, in turn, effective student learning. As a 4th grade teacher for Porterville Unified School District, my task is to create daily lesson plans that serve to guide me as I teach my students. My first step in creating these lessons is to determine my student’s level of prior knowledge. I can accomplish this by looking at formal and informal assessments and data. Observation of this data gives me a better understanding of what my next steps with my student should be. In some cases, I need to go back and reteach skills, while in other cases I can teach my students a new skill. I have to make an informed decision as to what cognitive level I need to teach to next. Awareness of how my students are performing as well as where I need to be as far as pacing and staying on track to get through all the skills needed to be taught within the year are vital to my daily task as a 4th grade teacher. As I compare my personal epistemology with that of my district, I realize that I spend more time assessing data after the lesson has been taught while the district places more emphasis on data collected during a lesson. Both of these approaches are valuable and, in fact, the district does place value on the end result (i. e. State test scores), however, there is little action that can take place after the end of the year data is collected. PUSD has placed and emphasis on good instruction because they see it as the road to a good education, as well as, the skills and goals they have set in the mission and vision statements. Our epistemologies align in that we both rely on the research of experts. I trust, as does PUSD, that the data given by experts is valuable to our own knowledge and it should guide how I teach my students. The district also views its teachers as experts in the field and has given many freedoms in the presentation and uses of resources when teaching students. As I reflect on my school districts focus as compared to me I realize that even though our epistemologies are not exactly aligned we are aligned in our focus of the students. Students come first. That means I will use whichever strategies I need to in order to create effective student learning. Reviewing test scores and planning lessons are vital to student learning, however, I have been so centered on what I am teaching that my students have not been engaged as well as they could be and thus have not learned the subject matters to their full potential. Also, although pacing is important, it should not be of top priority. Top priority should be assessing my students during the lesson and changing strategies, or even the skills being taught, if my students are not engaged. There is no point in plowing through a lesson if the majority of my students are not listening to what is being taught. This new insight will definitely help to drive my instruction and will help make me a more effective teacher. References: Achterbergh,J. , Vriens, D. (May-June 2002). Managing viable knowledge. â€Å"Systems Research and Behavioral Science. † V19i3p223 (19). Cooper, D. E. (Ed. ). (1999). Epistemology: The classic readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Feldman R. (2003). Epistemology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hetzner, Amy, 2011. Walk-throughs give school administrators firsthand view of staff in action. JSOnline: Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal Sentinel. May 14, 2011. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://www. jsonline. com/news/education/121843078. html Porterville Unified School District, 2012 . PUSD: Vision and mission statements. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://dnn. portervilleschools. org/dotnetnuke/District/VisionMission. aspx.

Pacific Explorers :: essays research papers fc

Andrew Sharp claims in his Ancient Voyagers in the Pacific published in 1956 that the Pacific Islanders did not possess the necessary navigational and sailing technology to deliberately navigate the distances between islands of the Pacific when colonizing these islands. He claims colonization was random and accidental. However, more recent studies from 1972 on of Pacific navigation suggest deliberate navigation and colonization was possible and did take place. These studies have been supported by reenactments of voyages, computer simulations, and newly acquired information regarding preparation for distant voyages. Andrew Sharp supports his claim of accidental colonization by citing numerous examples of lost voyagers landing on populated islands, their testimony or second hand information recorded by Captain Cook. Sharp claims the only distant voyages were confined to "Western Polynesia-Fiji and the Tahiti-Tuamotu archipelago" (Sharp 1956:2). He states that the longest offshore voyages made without landing on intermediate islands included distances of up to three hundred miles, separating Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, Rotuma and the Ellice Islands, and distances up to two-hundred and thirty miles, separating Tahiti from the Tuamotu islands. Sharp refers to an account by Captain Cook's interpreter, Omai, who discovered three of his own countrymen from Tahiti, who landed on Atiu, six hundred miles away. They were the sole survivors of twenty people, blown off course in a sudden gale while attempting to voyage from Tahiti to Raiatea, one hundred miles away. Sharp relies on generalizations given in Cook's logs referring to colonization of the remote islands of Polynesia. Cook refers to the accidental voyage to Atiu stating "this will serve to explain, better than a thousand conjectures of speculative reason, how the detached parts of the earth, and in particular, how the South Seas, may have been peopled; especially those that lie remote from any inhabited continent, or from each other." (Sharp 1956:4) Sharp uses examples procured from Cook's log book, citing observations of Anderson, ship surgeon in charge of natural history observations. "The knowledge they have of other islands is no doubt, traditional; and has been communicated to them by the natives of those islands, driven accidentally upon their coasts, who besides giving them the names, could easily inform them of the direction in which the places lie from whence they came, and of the number of days they had upon the sea." (Sharp 1956:7) Sharp discusses the navigational technology of the Tongans, with most of his knowledge based on Cook's observations. "The sun is their guide by day and the stars at night. When these are obscured, they have recourse to the points from which the winds and waves come upon the vessel. If during the obstruction the winds and waves should shift. . Pacific Explorers :: essays research papers fc Andrew Sharp claims in his Ancient Voyagers in the Pacific published in 1956 that the Pacific Islanders did not possess the necessary navigational and sailing technology to deliberately navigate the distances between islands of the Pacific when colonizing these islands. He claims colonization was random and accidental. However, more recent studies from 1972 on of Pacific navigation suggest deliberate navigation and colonization was possible and did take place. These studies have been supported by reenactments of voyages, computer simulations, and newly acquired information regarding preparation for distant voyages. Andrew Sharp supports his claim of accidental colonization by citing numerous examples of lost voyagers landing on populated islands, their testimony or second hand information recorded by Captain Cook. Sharp claims the only distant voyages were confined to "Western Polynesia-Fiji and the Tahiti-Tuamotu archipelago" (Sharp 1956:2). He states that the longest offshore voyages made without landing on intermediate islands included distances of up to three hundred miles, separating Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, Rotuma and the Ellice Islands, and distances up to two-hundred and thirty miles, separating Tahiti from the Tuamotu islands. Sharp refers to an account by Captain Cook's interpreter, Omai, who discovered three of his own countrymen from Tahiti, who landed on Atiu, six hundred miles away. They were the sole survivors of twenty people, blown off course in a sudden gale while attempting to voyage from Tahiti to Raiatea, one hundred miles away. Sharp relies on generalizations given in Cook's logs referring to colonization of the remote islands of Polynesia. Cook refers to the accidental voyage to Atiu stating "this will serve to explain, better than a thousand conjectures of speculative reason, how the detached parts of the earth, and in particular, how the South Seas, may have been peopled; especially those that lie remote from any inhabited continent, or from each other." (Sharp 1956:4) Sharp uses examples procured from Cook's log book, citing observations of Anderson, ship surgeon in charge of natural history observations. "The knowledge they have of other islands is no doubt, traditional; and has been communicated to them by the natives of those islands, driven accidentally upon their coasts, who besides giving them the names, could easily inform them of the direction in which the places lie from whence they came, and of the number of days they had upon the sea." (Sharp 1956:7) Sharp discusses the navigational technology of the Tongans, with most of his knowledge based on Cook's observations. "The sun is their guide by day and the stars at night. When these are obscured, they have recourse to the points from which the winds and waves come upon the vessel. If during the obstruction the winds and waves should shift. .

Neo-liberalism

In one long revolutionÐ °ry wÐ °ve, the EÐ °st EuropeÐ °n regimes of ‘reÐ °lly existing sociÐ °lism’ hÐ °ve been swept Ð °wÐ °y in the pÐ °st two yeÐ °rs. Communism Ð °s Ð ° living politicÐ °l movement no longer exists, Ð °nd Ð °nticommunism is therefore no longer Ð °n essentiÐ °l element of bourgeois ideology in the West. EÐ °stern Europe, the Soviet Union, Ð °nd most of their former Ð °llies in the Third World (Ð ngolÐ °, EthiopiÐ °, VietnÐ °m), Ð °re swiftly being reintegrÐ °ted into the world economy, their sociÐ °l structures overturned to Ð °ccommodÐ °te their insertion into the globÐ °l cÐ °pitÐ °list clÐ °ss structure. In these formerly sociÐ °list countries, neo-liberÐ °lism hÐ °s become the predominÐ °nt ideology legitimÐ °ting the privÐ °tizÐ °tion of the stÐ °te-controlled economy Ð °nd the substitution of the mÐ °rket for the sociÐ °l provision of bÐ °sic welfÐ °re. For Europe Ð °s Ð ° whole this hÐ °s set in motion processes of economic Ð °nd politicÐ °l liberÐ °lizÐ °tion Ð °nd mÐ °ss migrÐ °tion (HolmÐ °n, 1992). Ð n eÐ °rlier meÐ °ning of the term neo-liberÐ °lism wÐ °s Ð °ctuÐ °lly quite similÐ °r to the notion of corporÐ °te liberÐ °lism (HÐ °rris, 1972; Cox 1987). Ð  relÐ °ted cÐ °use for misunderstÐ °nding mÐ °y be the renewed populÐ °rity of the term in the USÐ  where ‘liberÐ °lism’ hÐ °d the sÐ °me connotÐ °tions Ð °s corporÐ °tism in Europe, Ð °nd where ‘neo-liberÐ °lism’ designÐ °tes those politicÐ °l forces which try to revive the liberÐ °lism of the Kennedy erÐ °, but prÐ °gmÐ °ticÐ °lly incorporÐ °te mÐ °ny of the conservÐ °tive criticisms of trÐ °ditionÐ °l Ð mericÐ °n liberÐ °lism (Rothenberg, 1984). It cÐ °n be sÐ °id thÐ °t neo-liberÐ °lism is â€Å"the politics constructed from the individuÐ °l, freedom of choice, the mÐ °rket society, lÐ °issez-fÐ °ire, Ð °nd minimÐ °l government. Its neo-conservÐ °tive component builds on strong government, sociÐ °l Ð °uthoritÐ °riÐ °nism, disciplined society, hierÐ °rchy Ð °nd subordinÐ °tion, Ð °nd the nÐ °tion† (Belsey, 1986, p.173). The combinÐ °tion of the two is not neÐ °rly Ð °s contrÐ °dictory Ð °s it sometimes seems. Ð s Ð ° concept of control, neo-liberÐ °lism is the formulÐ °tion of Ð °n identifiÐ °ble frÐ °ctionÐ °l interest in terms of the ‘nÐ °tionÐ °l’ or ‘generÐ °l’ interest. Neo-liberÐ °lism is the fundÐ °mentÐ °l expression of the outlook of trÐ °nsnÐ °tionÐ °l circulÐ °ting cÐ °pitÐ °l. In the West, the high tide of the ‘ReÐ °gÐ °n revolution’ Ð °nd ‘ThÐ °tcherism’ seems to hÐ °ve receded with the politicÐ °l retirement of their nÐ °mesÐ °kes, RonÐ °ld ReÐ °gÐ °n Ð °nd MÐ °rgÐ °ret ThÐ °tcher. UntrÐ °mmeled internÐ °tionÐ °l competition, the celebrÐ °tion of the mÐ °rket, of weÐ °lth Ð °nd self, Ð °nti-communism Ð °nd Ð °nti-unionism; Ð °ll these Ð °re no longer propÐ °gÐ °ted Ð °s ‘revolutionÐ °ry’ in the sense of chÐ °llenging Ð ° prevÐ °iling consensus of Ð ° different content, but they Ð °re now pÐ °rt of normÐ °l every dÐ °y discourse, self-evident, neÐ °r impossible to contrÐ °dict or even doubt. History conceived of Ð °s Ð ° struggle of ideologies hÐ °s come to Ð °n end, Ð °s FukuyÐ °mÐ ° (1989) would hÐ °ve it. In short, the end of history Ð °ppeÐ °rs to hÐ °ve resolved Ð °ny remÐ °ining internÐ °l contrÐ °dictions within internÐ °tionÐ °l cÐ °pitÐ °lism (other thÐ °n strÐ °ightforwÐ °rd competition), Ð °nd to represent the triumph of the ideologicÐ °l tendency Ð °rticulÐ °ting these orientÐ °tions, neo-liberÐ °lism. Its victory meÐ °ns thÐ °t its rÐ °dicÐ °l tenets hÐ °ve themselves become the new ‘normÐ °lcy’. This trÐ °nsnÐ °tionÐ °l revolution took plÐ °ce Ð °gÐ °inst the bÐ °ckground of the crisis of world cÐ °pitÐ °lism of the 1970s, which necessitÐ °ted Ð ° fÐ °r-reÐ °ching restructuring of the economic, sociÐ °l Ð °nd politicÐ °l conditions for cÐ °pitÐ °l Ð °ccumulÐ °tion. Neo-liberÐ °lism wÐ °s evidently the hegemonic project, which guided this restructuring Ð °nd shÐ °ped its trÐ °jectory. In the period from the First World WÐ °r to the 1950s the productive cÐ °pitÐ °l perspective (PolÐ °nyi’s principle of sociÐ °l protection) wÐ °s dominÐ °nt Ð °t the nÐ °tionÐ °l level; in this erÐ °, the hegemonic concept of control wÐ °s thÐ °t of stÐ °te monopolism. Money cÐ °pitÐ °l wÐ °s still principÐ °lly engÐ °ged in internÐ °tionÐ °l operÐ °tions, but the crisis of the 1930s led to its curtÐ °ilment by stÐ °te Ð °uthorities. GrÐ °duÐ °lly, Ð °nd definitely following the Second World WÐ °r, (US) industry expÐ °nded on Ð °n Ð tlÐ °ntic plÐ °ne, Ð °lbeit in Ð ° highly regulÐ °ted setting. Ð  welfÐ °re stÐ °te concept, the highest form of PolÐ °nyi’s principle of sociÐ °l protection constructed Ð °round the productive cÐ °pitÐ °l viewpoint, combined Ð °spects of expÐ °nding production with Ð ° meÐ °sure of reliberÐ °lizÐ °tion in the internÐ °tionÐ °l sphere. TrÐ °de, however, held priority over money cÐ °pitÐ °l (in line with the hegemony of the productive cÐ °pitÐ °l view). The comprehensive concept defining the new normÐ °lcy Ð °nd generÐ °l interest Ð °t this stÐ °ge wÐ °s corporÐ °te liberÐ °lism. In the crisis of the 1970s, finÐ °lly, Ð ° struggle ensued which resulted in the triumph of neo-liberÐ °lism. Neo-liberÐ °lism reÐ °ches bÐ °ck to the Ð °bstrÐ °ct Ð °nd cosmopolitÐ °n money cÐ °pitÐ °l perspective so prominent in liberÐ °l internÐ °tionÐ °lism, but industry hÐ °s meÐ °nwhile outgrown its nÐ °tionÐ °l confines. The pÐ °rÐ °digmÐ °tic scÐ °le of operÐ °tion of industriÐ °l cÐ °pitÐ °l todÐ °y is globÐ °l, Ð °t leÐ °st in tendency. Ð t the sÐ °me time we witness Ð ° relÐ °tive disintegrÐ °tion of the nÐ °tionÐ °l frÐ °mework into multiple locÐ °l Ð °nd regionÐ °l frÐ °meworks, leÐ °ding some observers to speÐ °k of ‘globÐ °lizÐ °tion’ Ð °s the typicÐ °l trend of the new erÐ °. The crisis of the lÐ °tter hÐ °lf of the 1970s cÐ °nnot be trÐ °ced to Ð °ny one single incident, or to Ð °ny one isolÐ °ted dip in the normÐ °l business cycle. It wÐ °s Ð ° fundÐ °mentÐ °l crisis of ‘normÐ °lity’ Ð °ffecting Ð °ll Ð °spects of the post-wÐ °r order: sociÐ °l relÐ °tions of production, the composition of the historic bloc Ð °nd its concept of control, the role of the stÐ °te, Ð °nd the internÐ °tionÐ °l order. Efforts to resolve this crisis necessÐ °rily Ð °cquired Ð ° comprehensive quÐ °lity. Ð s StuÐ °rt HÐ °ll hÐ °s sÐ °id, â€Å"If the crisis is deep—‘orgÐ °nic’—these efforts cÐ °nnot be merely defensive. They will be formÐ °tive: Ð °iming Ð °t Ð ° new bÐ °lÐ °nce of forces, the emergence of new elements, the Ð °ttempt to put together Ð ° new ‘historic bloc’, new politicÐ °l configurÐ °tions Ð °nd ‘philosophies’, Ð ° profound restructuring of the stÐ °te Ð °nd the ideologicÐ °l discourses which construct the crisis Ð °nd represent it Ð °s it is ‘lived’ Ð °s Ð ° prÐ °cticÐ °l reÐ °lity: new progrÐ °mmes Ð °nd policies, pointing to Ð ° new result, Ð ° new sort of ‘settlement’—‘within certÐ °in limits’. These new elements do not ‘emerge’: they hÐ °ve to be constructed. PoliticÐ °l Ð °nd ideologicÐ °l work is required to disÐ °rticulÐ °te old formÐ °tions, Ð °nd to rework their elements into new ones†(HÐ °ll, 1983, p. 23). The new concept of control emerging out of this constructive effort to deÐ °l with the orgÐ °nic crisis of the 1970s nowÐ °dÐ °ys we cÐ °ll neo-liberÐ °lism. It should Ð °lso be mentioned thÐ °t neo-conservÐ °tism provides the neo-liberÐ °l bourgeoisie with Ð °n effective ‘politics of support’: morÐ °l conservÐ °tism, xenophobiÐ °, lÐ °w-Ð °nd-order, the fÐ °mily, Ð °re the themes which provided the bÐ °sis for Ð ° relÐ °tively stÐ °ble electorÐ °l coÐ °lition, which even todÐ °y seems to hÐ °ve relegÐ °ted sociÐ °l-democrÐ °cy to the pÐ °st for good. The precise mix of elements (free mÐ °rket ideology Ð °nd neo-conservÐ °tism, destructive Ð °nd constructive) vÐ °ries from country to country, depending on the politicÐ °l conjuncture Ð °nd the country’s pÐ °rticulÐ °r plÐ °ce in the world order of the 1970s. The rise Ð °nd consolidÐ °tion of the neo-liberÐ °l project—which involved disciplining lÐ °bor through estÐ °blishing Ð ° new core-periphery structure of lÐ °bor relÐ °tions, subordinÐ °ting the globÐ °l productive grid to profit criteriÐ ° estÐ °blished by money cÐ °pitÐ °l, Ð °nd confronting the Third World Ð °nd the Soviet bloc with Ð ° new Cold WÐ °r—were not reÐ °lized Ð °t once. Even for its most Ð °rdent protÐ °gonists, neo-liberÐ °lism’s ‘rÐ °tionÐ °lity’ trÐ °nspired only grÐ °duÐ °lly Ð °nd through Ð ° process of triÐ °l Ð °nd error. Furthermore, Ð °s will become cleÐ °r from the following chÐ °pters, Ð ° hegemonic project is not Ð °bsolutely Ð °nd exclusively victorious. Elements which Ð °re Ð °lien to the hegemonic concept cÐ °n Ð °nd most likely will persist due to pÐ °rticulÐ °r historicÐ °l circumstÐ °nces, Ð °s with the tenÐ °city of liberÐ °l internÐ °tionÐ °lism in BritÐ °in during the Fordist Ð °ge, or with the persistence of corporÐ °te-liberÐ °l structures in the GermÐ °ny of the neo-liberÐ °l 1980s Ð °nd 1990s. References Belsey, Ð . (1986). The New Right, sociÐ °l order, Ð °nd civil liberties. In R. LevitÐ °s (ed.) The Ideology of the New Right, CÐ °mbridge: Polity Press. Cox, R.W. (1987). Production, Power, Ð °nd World Order. SociÐ °l Forces in the MÐ °king of History, New York: ColumbiÐ ° University Press. FukuyÐ °mÐ °, F. (1989). The End of History?’, The NÐ °tionÐ °l Interest, Summer: 3-18. HÐ °ll, S. (1983). The greÐ °t moving right show. In S. HÐ °ll Ð °nd M. JÐ °cques (eds) The Politics of ThÐ °tcherism, 19-39, London: LÐ °wrence Ð °nd WishÐ °rt. HÐ °rris, N. (1972) Competition Ð °nd the CorporÐ °te Society, London: Methuen. HolmÐ °n, O. (1992). Introduction: TrÐ °nsnÐ °tionÐ °l ClÐ °ss StrÐ °tegy Ð °nd the New Europe. In O. HolmÐ °n (ed.) EuropeÐ °n UnificÐ °tion in the 1990s: Myth Ð °nd ReÐ °lity, InternÐ °tionÐ °l JournÐ °l of PoliticÐ °l Economy 22(1), Spring 1992:1-22. Rothenberg, R. (1984). The Neo-LiberÐ °ls. CreÐ °ting the New Ð mericÐ °n Politics, New York: Simon & Schuster.

Chinese thrilling economy Essay

One of my Chinese class-fellow persuaded me to accept that China is emerging as a world super-power. He tried to convince by proving arguments that were based on misconceived notions. He also provides certain facts about Chinese thrilling economy, military might, its geo-strategic location. He further told me that China is capturing the world markets and heavy investments from world over are pouring in to bring an industrial revolution in the world. Although he mentioned these facts but I was unconvinced as he was unable to provide figures. The most disappointing thing was that he only mentioned soft power and did not realize that hard power too helps in achieving the status of super-power. If could have provided me the growing influence of China in the international socio-economic affairs, then it could be a convincing persuasion. Further, the cultural influence of china could be another valid argument but he did not mention all these. So his persuasion was an utter failure. I watched and analyzed John F. Kennedy Moon Speech in Rice Stadium in 1962. Kennedy uses his body language in a subtle way that augments the emotional effect of his speech. His body language is embellished and his movements are appropriate. He stresses his point of view on certain points by use of hands only and looks around to get the full attention of his audience. This speech is based on emotional appeal but some elements of logic are also manifested here and there. Although he provides the motives for the space program and historical land on moon but these logics are little convincing but he skillfully utilizes the emotional appeal. He sums the history of million years into a century and consider the â€Å"moon landing† the most important event of this century. He messages were very specific and he used illustrative language to show the importance this historical event. His speech is not direct but it does not create any confusion as audience is well aware of the purpose of speech already. URL: http://www. space-video. info/speech/19620912-jfk-rice. html

buy custom Bank Project essay

buy custom Bank Project essay In order for a bank to achieve its online operations, it has to have the right employees. These employees will help to successfully create a database and to implement the banks strategies in organizing, maintaining and developing the existing websites. Some of the key personnel in building an online database for a financial institution are, for example, a project manager, business analyst, designer, developer, tester and infrastructure support. According to Russell, (2011) the role of a project manager in building an online database for a bank is implementing the functionality associated with building the online database. He/she prioritizes and aligns the concept of building the banks online database with the banks strategies. In the concept of building an online database for a bank, a business analyst will be responsible for bridging technical stakeholders and business stakeholders of the bank. In addition, he/ she structures and formalizes the requirements for th bank project. Moreover, he/she enhances the creation of SAS reporting programs for marketing campaigns and maintenance of mainframe performance reports (Paul 2006). The designer of the online database controls the appearance of the database. This is by website coding and markup languages or the various soft wares for designing the database (Robbins, 2006). This is also by enabling the multi browser help and accessibility help to meet specific needs. He or she prevents copyright and privacy problems. The developer converts information on paper into an electronic format. He/she supports existing infrastructure and develops new ones as instructed by the bank command to enable rapid and real time information sharing (Lazar, 2001). The tester thoroughly tests the database after it has been built to ensure that it is safe, obtainable and useful. This is achieved by putting in place measures that are willing to cope with a large traffic of users (Hope Walther, 2008). Jacobsen (2004)) asserts that infrastructure support monitors critical applications. This is by identifying a database problem, if any, and resolving it to ensure prevention of future, related problems. They watch memory utilization of the database and complex issues (Anderson, 1999). The people who are affected by the negative or positive outcomes of this bank project in either a positive or negative approach include the county manager, the clients of the bank and the shareholders. The county manager is a stakeholder because the database quickly and indirectly affects the operations of the county department he or she is managing. The database helps in expanding the customer base and in building loyalty by customizing customer needs (Ian, 2010). It enables remote accessibility of personal accounts by the clients. This makes it easier for clients to track payments, pay bills and to see history of payments into their accounts. To the shareholders they can closely follow the trading of the bank in the stock exchange market. Buy custom Bank Project essay

Strategic Management McDonalds

Strategic Management McDonalds Introduction All businesses, irrespective of their industry, require strategies in order to be successful. High competition resulting from globalization and technological advancement has necessitated clear-cut strategies in order to survive. Strategic management has never been as important as it is today. Through strategic management, organizations are able to identify and implement the best practices to gain competitive advantage, increase profit margin and grow (Hubbard, Rice, and Beamish 2008). Fast food industry is one of rapidly growing and competitive industry. A company in this industry has to develop and implement successful business strategies in order to gain competitive advantage. In this report, a case study for McDonald’s is provided. The report reviews the strategies that McDonald’s has adopted in order to maintain its global position in fast food industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management: McDonald’s s pecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organization Overview The McDonald’s has been in operation in food industry since 1954. The US based company operates a chain of fast food restaurants in more than 119 countries. Though initially established by McDonald’s brothers, McDonald’s success is attributed to its later owner: Ray Kroc. Over years McDonald’s has emerged to be a strong brand in the fast food industry. Most of its restaurants across the globe are operated as franchises. McDonald’s chain of restaurants is renowned for its uniform and standardized menu. McDonald’s menu across its chain mainly consists of burgers, milk shakes, French fries, sandwiches, Ice cream sundaes, vegetable salads and desserts (McDonald’s Corporation 2010). The menu however changes slightly from country to country depending on culture and customer taste. The company is renowned for its innovative products. Some of its s uccessful products include Big Mac, Chicken McNuggets, Quarter Pounder with Cheese and the Filet-O-Fish (McDonald’s Corporation 2010). McDonald’s main target for its products over years has been children and mothers. The company has therefore adapted its products and restaurants to its main target. Besides its ‘Happy Meals’, some of McDonald’s restaurants serve breakfast offering that include coffee, Egg Sandwiches, Sausage McMuffin, biscuit and hotcake. Though McDonald’s is generally successful, it has encountered various challenges along the way. High competition in fast food industry has been one of the main challenges in its global strategy. Apart from high competition, the company has been involved in controversies over its contribution to obesity. Increased health concerns especially in the US and UK has been a major concern to McDonald’s management. Strategies McDonald’s has adopted various strategies in order to be succe ssful in global fast food industry. Although McDonald’s is one of the most experienced companies in the fast food industry, established and upcoming companies have been a threat to its market share. Wendy’s is just one of the fast food companies that have been a threat to McDonald’s. Through adopting certain strategies, McDonalds have been able to withstand competition and increase its number of restaurants across the globe. Strategic management should define an organization’s position, its desired position in the future and actions to be taken in order to achieve the desired goal.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through its ‘plan to win’ global strategy, McDonald’s has been able to remain highly competitive despite of negative publicity over health concerns. Increased health concerns and negative publicity resulting from health related controversies have been a major challenge to McDonald’s (Wilsher 2010). To address this, McDonald’s has adapted various business strategies. To create a healthy image for itself, McDonald’s plan to do away with soft drinks and Super French fries. Besides, the company plans to make changes to its menu in order to reflect increases health concern. For instance cinnamon roll with a sausage burrito is considered to be the major breakfast offering in United Kingdom. McDonald’s has been able to establish a strong brand over years. With negative publicity resulting from health concerns, the company has increased its effort to protect its brand. â€Å"Be our customers favourite place and way to eat† is the company brand mission (Ganapathy 2009). To ensure the mission is achieved, the company has taken firm actions from improving products, customer service to promotion. The company has implemented a new cooking system aiming at improvin g quality of products served in its menu (Howard 1999). Restaurant dà ©cor to brand icon has been improved across the globe in order to ensure consistent image to its customers. In addition, McDonald’s has consistently increased its promotion effort through conventional channels as well as new technology such as the internet. Customer service is core to success in hotel and hospitality industry (Prakash and Olsen 2003; Tse and Jogaratnam 2008). McDonald’s has taken strategic actions to ensure high customer feel. Part of the strategies includes recruitment and training of right staff. McDonald’s staff is trained to treat customers with respect and maintain a smiling face while serving. High standard of hygiene is maintained including restaurants’ bathrooms. To show its concern for environment, McDonald’s collects dropped burger wrappings and cups using its three-wheeled vehicle (Livesey 1999).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management: McDonald’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategic Recommendations The principle objective of strategic management is to boost an organization’s competitive advantage. It enables the management to establish plans to address current and future needs of an organization (Thompson, Strickland and Gamble 2007; Carpenter, Sanders, Rice and Martin 2010). Fast food industry has attracted many players that try to address various customer needs. Most of these competitors exploit customers’ needs and concerns not well served in McDonald’s. McDonald’s therefore needs to put more effort to maintain its market share in the industry. Some of strategic actions that McDonald’s should take include: Enhance promotion and advertisement in order to overcome negative publicity Progressively expand its menu in order to accommodate increased customer needs and tastes, including health concerns Invest more on product development in order to come up with competitive products for different cultures Conclusion Strategic management approach is a necessity in all industries in the global economy. Hotel and hospitality industry is one of the industries that most require strategic management. Companies in this industry must align their products and services to rapidly changing customer needs and taste. McDonald’s success in fast food industry can be attributed to its adherence to strategic management principles. The company is able to overcome its challenges by following clear-cut plans. Though clouded by controversy over health concerns, the company seems to maintain customer loyalty and still has high competitive advantage over other players in the industry. Reference List Carpenter M.A., Sanders W., Rice J. and Martin N 2010, Strategic Management: A Dynamic Perspective, Concepts and Cases, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest. Ganapathy, S 2009, McDonald’s Internat ional Strategy: Squander Brand Equity? Available [online] at sundarganapathy.com/blog/2009/04/20/mcdonalds-international-strategy-squander-brand-equity/ Howard, T 1999, The Over-Arching Strategy-McDonald’s Global Brand Strategy Task Force, Available [online] at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_42_40/ai_58251889/ Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hubbard, G., Rice, J and Beamish, P 2008, Strategic Management Thinking Analysis, Action, Pearson, Sydney. Livesey, S 1999, McDonald’s and the Environmental Defence Fund: A Case Study of a Green Alliance, The Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 36 McDonald’s Corporation 2010, Travel through Time with Us, Available [online] at aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/mcd_history.html Prakash, K and Olsen, M 2003, Strategic alliances: a hospitality industry perspective, International Journal of Hospitality Management Vol. 22, pp 419-434. Thompson, A., Strickland, A., and Gamble, J 2007, Crafting and Executing Strategy, McGraw-Hill, New York. Tse, E and Jogaratnam, G 2008, From the top down: strategic management in the Hospitality Industry, SAGE Handbook of Hospitality Management, SAGE London, pp165 – 191. Wilsher, S 2010, McDonald’s in Hot Water over Marketing Tactics, Available [online] at associatedcontent.com/article/5521176/mcdonalds_happy_meals_subject_ of_controversy.html

3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation

3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation 3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation 3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation By Mark Nichol When and where to use a single hyphen is perplexing enough for many writers, but when two or more are required, or one of the terms to be connected with a hyphen consists of more than one word, confusion is rampant. Here are several sentences that illustrate various problems with hyphenation of complex elements. 1. The Medal of Honor winning Navy SEAL described the rescue. Here, the noun to be modified is the noun phrase â€Å"Navy SEAL,† and the adjectival phrase is â€Å"Medal of Honor winning.† There should be a hyphen there somewhere, you think, but where? And because â€Å"Medal of Honor† consists of more than one word, shouldn’t multiple hyphens be deployed? In this case, because that phrase represents a single concept, only one punctuation mark is required to attach it to the adjective winning, but it’s not a hyphen. Here, use an en dash, a superhyphen of sorts: â€Å"The Medal of Honor–winning Navy SEAL described the rescue.† The distinction is obscure, but that’s the right way to do it. Alternatively, relax the syntax of the sentence so that neither a hyphen nor a â€Å"superhyphen† is required: â€Å"The Navy SEAL, who won a Medal of Honor, described the rescue.† 2. What made him leave his comfortable, high-paying position as head of an Asia Pacific-wide sales team? In this sentence, â€Å"high-paying† is correctly hyphenated to modify position, but is â€Å"Asia Pacific-wide† the correct style for the phrasal adjective modifying â€Å"sales team†? In the previous example, I stated that an en dash replaces a hyphen when one of the terms to be connected consists of more than one word. But there’s a complication here. â€Å"Asia-Pacific† is the label for a region of the world (though its parameters are imprecise). Because the hyphen comes along with the phrase, in this instance, the reference should be hyphenated as shown here: â€Å"What made him leave his comfortable, high-paying position as head of an Asia-Pacific-wide sales team?† 3. With a quarter billion dollar industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner. The phrase â€Å"quarter billion dollar industry† includes a phrasal adjective followed by a noun, so at least one hyphen is required. But the three words in the complex phrasal adjective â€Å"quarter billion dollar† should be connected: â€Å"With a quarter-billion-dollar industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner.† But what if the value is represented with a dollar sign and a numeral? The phrasal adjective â€Å"$250 million† is considered a single element, just like â€Å"Medal of Honor† in â€Å"Medal of Honor winner.† â€Å"Medal of Honor† requires no hyphenation, and neither does â€Å"$250 million†: â€Å"With a $250 million industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner.† On a related note, multi-million has a superfluous hyphen; it should be multimillion (which is never used in isolation- it’s always part of a phrasal adjective), so avoid constructions such as â€Å"multi-million dollar damages,† which erroneously refers to dollar damages of a multi-million nature, or â€Å"multi-million-dollar damages,† which correctly inserts a hyphen before dollar but retains the extraneous previous one. The correct treatment is â€Å"multimillion-dollar damages,† which correctly describes damages costing multiple millions of dollars to remedy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentWords That Begin with Q

Ow hospitals in the health care industries have used new media Essay

Ow hospitals in the health care industries have used new media technology and study the social effects and cultural impact of th - Essay Example In the last quarter of 20th Century computer has started to play its role in communication and with passage of time a new term emerged in the field of communication. This new term was â€Å"New Media†. New media technology is any type of application intended to transmit information through digital techniques, computerized systems or data networks. New media technology is normally associated with information transfers meant to be manipulated in some way. The most common examples of new media technologies consist of Internet-based concepts like websites or digital mediums such as CD-ROMs and DVDs. Anything that is considered old media, such as television, film or paper-based products, are not part of new media. According to Donna Chu (2009, p 337), ‘Although there is a growing literature on new media (Hassan & Thom as, 2006), there is little consensus on what it will actually bring us (see Gauntlett & Horsley, 2004; Lister, 2003). ..... The unsettling debates are largely d ue to the lack of concrete details and contextualized understandings of how new media are actually used on an everyday basis.’ According to experts New Media will be able to alter the meaning of geographic distance. Furthermore it will allow for a huge increase in the volume of communication and provide the possibility of increasing the speed of communication. It will also provide opportunities for interactive communication. The rise of new media has improved communication between people all over the world and the Internet. It has allowed people to communicate blogs, websites, pictures, and other media. The new media industry shares an open association with different market segments such as software/video game design, television, radio, and mainly movies, advertising and marketing. Again Donna Chu (2009, p 338 & 339) is of the opinion that, ‘There are high hopes that new interactive media will add impetus to various social movements. It is in this light that new media a re cultivating a new social space, which is often linked to Habermas’ public sphere (Habermas, Lennox, & Lennox, 1 974), albeit in a virtual sense. Yet as noted by Papacharissi (2002), public space should not be confused with the public sphere. That new media provide forums for political deliberation does not automatically lead to the formation of a public sphere that facilitates democratic discussion. A crucial difference lies in the nature and quality of discussion found on the Internet (Fung, 2002; Tsaliki, 2002). In an era when new media is giving birth to a new social order, studies of the many for forms of collective behavio(u)r in evidence will yield a deeper understanding of how new customs and conventions are being created and maintained.’ Presenting Singapore as a model Terence Lee (2003, p 84) states that, ‘At present, Singapore's e-citizen portal, www.ecitizen.gov.sg, provides the best illustration of Singapore's successes in e-govemment. Launched in April 1999, the e-citizen website offers more than 180 e-services grouped in 16 online units based on categories that address family life, health, housing, education, employment, transport and other day-to-day issues (IDA, 2001).’ From the above paragraphs and quotations it is clear that new media is making huge inroad in the modern world. After looking at different aspects of new media, we will

Compare and Contrast of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Fast Food Essay

Compare and Contrast of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser - Essay Example Do the writings of the authors, Upton Sinclair and Eric Schlosser have the latent strength to change the value systems and beliefs of the readers permanently? Schlosser makes the readers thinks hard and achieves the purpose to convince the public to change their views on the fast food industry, and change the current conditions of the industry by individual action and group protests. The discussions amongst the readers have created a strong lobby against the meat processing industry. Sinclair has different types of ambitions and his writings are politically motivated. He wishes to promote the cause of socialism and he tries to convince his readers to change their mental set-up. He presents a case before them in his earnest efforts to veer them round to the socialist principles. Emotional content and the facts related to the issue: Comparatively, Fast Food Nation appeals strongly to the reader’s sense of ethos, pathos and logos and it categorically achieves its purpose. Schlosser begins the book with a clear warning to the American people. He writes, â€Å"Hundreds of millions of people buy fast food every day without giving it much thought, unaware of the subtle and not so subtle ramifications of their purchases. They rarely consider where this food came from, how it was made, what it is doing to the community around them. They just grab their tray off the counter, find a table, take a seat, un-wrap the paper and dig in.... They should know what really lurks between those sesame-seed buns. As the old saying goes: You are what you eat," (Schlosser, p. 10). It kindles an everlasting awareness amongst the readers and evokes fighting spirit against the current inhuman trends that have become pat of the culture of the meat processing industry. The Jungl e takes to the path of propaganda literature and the reader remains unconvinced about the issues raised and the solutions tendered. Socialism is Sinclair’s view of life, not the

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR DECISION MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR DECISION MAKING - Essay Example Long-range forecast involve timeframes of over three years involving capital expenditures, R&D, new product planning and expansion (Heizer & Render). There are two different approaches of forecasting. The first approach is subjective or qualitative where factor’s such as the manager’s intuition, experience, emotions and opinion are utilized in reaching a forecast. The second quantitative approach involves the use of some historical data coupled with the use of some mathematical models in order to predict possible future outcomes. The qualitative approach is often useful in estimating sales for certain new consumer products or services that rely heavily on customer needs and preferences. Under the qualitative approach to forecasting there are four different types of methods used (Heizer, et. al.): Jury of executive Opinion- the opinion of a group of high level managers or decision makers is used in combination with some statistical models to arrive at a conclusion Sales Force composite- the individual salesperson sales forecasts are all combined and reviewed for accuracy in order to determine an overall forecast. Delphi Method- in these approach there are three types of participants: staff personnel, respondents and decision makers. The decision makers typically consist of a panel of 5 to 10 experts who will be making the actual forecasts.

US Cultural Wars Gone Global Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US Cultural Wars Gone Global - Article Example In this article, the issues of cultural differences have been featured in two main ways. The first aspect is the American culture versus Ugandan culture. Secondly, is the concept of Sexual minorities, which include LGBT versus the sexual majority. In the article, Emily Cody discusses the move that was made by the Sexual Minority Uganda (SMUG) to file a case against American Minister Scott, with the assistance of the Alien Tort Statute. In the subsequent sections of the paper, the author illustrates the legal brief of the case and how they have experienced discrimination on all meaningful parts of their lives. The article resonates with the current occurrences in Uganda and some other parts of Africa. In Uganda, homosexuality has been criminalized. This law stems from the understanding that such sexual orientations are not Africans and therefore are not acceptable in African society. The article brings about the concept of validation and how some of the religious concepts by individual Americans are used to promote hatred towards the Sexual minorities. In the article, one is able to understand the legal red tapes that validate oppression of the LGBT. The references being created by the oppression is drawn from the legislative measures that have been taken by the Ugandan government which condemns gays and lesbian on the grounds of cultural intolerance.

Nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

Nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Essay Example The paper would be looking at the various perspectives that could have motivated the Americans to use this weapon of mass destruction. During the WWII1, Japan joined forces with the Germany and Italy, the enemies of the Allied Forces and fought against them vigorously. It accessed several small nations like Vietnam, coastal China and in its efforts to increase its oil reserves, after the boycott of oil supply by America, its attacks and subsequent accession to Indonesia, considerably expanded its territorial rights over a large area in Pacific Ocean. This aggressive behaviour further escalated the tension between Japan and the Allied forces specially America and Britain. The war between the two intensified, leading to bloodiest attacks of Pearl Harbour by Japanese forces and invasion of Okinawa by US forces. Even though, the allied forces regained territories and reduced the Japanese influence in the Pacific, they were unable to overpower the might of Japanese forces. Hence, after the fall of Mussolini of Italy and Hitler of Germany, Japan became the sole target of the allied forces. HiroshimHiroshima was the headquarters of the Japanese army and one of the most advanced cities of Japan. It therefore became the first target of the nuclear attack by America. American President, Harry S. Truman, deliberately targeted Hiroshima because the devastation of the city and killing of a large part of the population, would, according to the American President, convincingly show the repercussions of the Japanese refusal for an amicable peace treaty (Hersey, 1989). The detonation of 'Little Man' (name of the nuclear bomb that was dropped) on Hiroshima on 6th August 1945, became a reality and created unprecedented holocaust, ever recorded in the history of mankind. It killed more than 90,000 people, maimed and injured grievously more than 30,000 and genetically damaged the surviving population. The second attack on the city of Nagasaki became significant because it was an important off shore trading centre and an important port of Japan. Though, much of the population was shifted from the mainland, 'Fat Man', the atomic bomb that was dropped on 9th August 1945, was equally devastating in its effect. About 70,000 were killed instantly and more than 60,000 injured. The total casualties in the two attacks defied the imaginations of the world. Japanese government called an immediate ceasefire and surrendered to the allied forces and signed the 'instrument of surrender' on 2nd September 1945, which officially ended the World War II. The Emperor Hirohito of Japan surrendered for the overall welfare of his people and his surrender was subject to keeping the sovereignty of the Crown intact. Japan surrendered and the WWII came to an end. Reasons cited for bombings Japan was increasingly becoming powerful and the allied forces wanted to curb the growing influence of the Japanese. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were major cities of Japan that were commercial hub. The decision to bomb the two cities had mainly two objectives. The foremost being, to establish the

Business Law Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law Final Exam - Assignment Example This was an interference with prospective contractual relationship. Business usually come up with many schemes for attracting customers, which is a good, part of competition, however it is usually a tort when a business endeavors to improve its place in the market by interfering with another business in an improper and unreasonable way. E-Z acted in an unreasonable and improper way towards Extracto. The court can find proper interference in this case. The existence of an underlying contract is not needed for this tort; however, Emo can show intentional and improper interference by E-Z that prevents the formation of contract between him and a third party- Extracto. Interference with another person contractual relation is tortuous if there is a reasonable likelihood and probability that a contract would have resulted. If Elmo sued Jo and E-Z based on the lies, he would base his claim on theory of tortious interference also known as intentional interference with contractual relation. Th is theory states that improperly interfering with the performance of a contract is a tort. To recover under this theory, Elmo should show that Jo and E-Z acted inappropriately and with no privilege, acted deliberately and with wickedness with the intention to harm-to cost him the job with Extracto, to induce a third party (Extracto) not to go into a business relationship him and caused him financial injury. If Elmo sues Jo over the ad, he would be suing for compensation of damages because of fraudulent or intentional misrepresentation.

Nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

Nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Essay Example The paper would be looking at the various perspectives that could have motivated the Americans to use this weapon of mass destruction. During the WWII1, Japan joined forces with the Germany and Italy, the enemies of the Allied Forces and fought against them vigorously. It accessed several small nations like Vietnam, coastal China and in its efforts to increase its oil reserves, after the boycott of oil supply by America, its attacks and subsequent accession to Indonesia, considerably expanded its territorial rights over a large area in Pacific Ocean. This aggressive behaviour further escalated the tension between Japan and the Allied forces specially America and Britain. The war between the two intensified, leading to bloodiest attacks of Pearl Harbour by Japanese forces and invasion of Okinawa by US forces. Even though, the allied forces regained territories and reduced the Japanese influence in the Pacific, they were unable to overpower the might of Japanese forces. Hence, after the fall of Mussolini of Italy and Hitler of Germany, Japan became the sole target of the allied forces. HiroshimHiroshima was the headquarters of the Japanese army and one of the most advanced cities of Japan. It therefore became the first target of the nuclear attack by America. American President, Harry S. Truman, deliberately targeted Hiroshima because the devastation of the city and killing of a large part of the population, would, according to the American President, convincingly show the repercussions of the Japanese refusal for an amicable peace treaty (Hersey, 1989). The detonation of 'Little Man' (name of the nuclear bomb that was dropped) on Hiroshima on 6th August 1945, became a reality and created unprecedented holocaust, ever recorded in the history of mankind. It killed more than 90,000 people, maimed and injured grievously more than 30,000 and genetically damaged the surviving population. The second attack on the city of Nagasaki became significant because it was an important off shore trading centre and an important port of Japan. Though, much of the population was shifted from the mainland, 'Fat Man', the atomic bomb that was dropped on 9th August 1945, was equally devastating in its effect. About 70,000 were killed instantly and more than 60,000 injured. The total casualties in the two attacks defied the imaginations of the world. Japanese government called an immediate ceasefire and surrendered to the allied forces and signed the 'instrument of surrender' on 2nd September 1945, which officially ended the World War II. The Emperor Hirohito of Japan surrendered for the overall welfare of his people and his surrender was subject to keeping the sovereignty of the Crown intact. Japan surrendered and the WWII came to an end. Reasons cited for bombings Japan was increasingly becoming powerful and the allied forces wanted to curb the growing influence of the Japanese. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were major cities of Japan that were commercial hub. The decision to bomb the two cities had mainly two objectives. The foremost being, to establish the

Managing Professional Intellect Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing Professional Intellect - Case Study Example The case study "Managing Professional Intellect" discusses what is the professional intellect and how can the organization develop and in what ways can we leverage this professional intellect since a number of leaders and managers in most organizations have created systematic answers to questions concerning professional intellect. Accor group of hotels (China) is one of the major hotel groups in the world. It commands an economy which is constantly growing in most parts of the country. Ibis Hangzhou in Shanghai China is one of the leading hotels of the group. This hotel group offered a good environment for the study of the manner in which information is exchanged between the workers, administration and their customers. It also provides a good opportunity for one to learn the nature of questions asked as well as the kind of knowledge which is shared around. The major reason for selecting this hotel is because it is in the service industry where there is a lot of exchange of information exchanged between customers and stuff workers because of the nature of the services offered. The stuff has to communicate and handle the customers who choose to use their services thus there is need of using information and employ the necessary knowledge to deal with every situation. The hotel was also selected because of the hos pitality it offered for one who is willing to conduct any study there. It offered a good environment for one to make enough direct observations of the required information. 1.20 Study of the Knowledge shared and information exchanged in the Hotel. The Study would cover observation the manner in which the stuff workers of the hotel interact with each other and their customers, the way they approach the customers and the manner in which they approach and respond to each other and the administration. It would also study the manner in which Ibis Hangzhou hotel as an organization share and manage the knowledge they have and the kind of questions asked by the workers to clients as well as the questions asked by the administration to the workers. The aim of this would be to investigate the kind of knowledge and information employed in the hotel environment, how this information and knowledge is managed and how it assists the organization generally. The study would be carried out by participating in the hotels daily operation for a whole day. This would involve interacting directly with the customers and the employees while making direct observation and recording of their behavioral reactions to different individuals. There would also be interview of certain customers and workers within the organization to find their perception of the kind of services hence information provided within the organization. The way every information or question was asked and responded was keenly noted as well as the manner in which the customers were treated was also noted. This was necessary it would enable the researcher in evaluating the kind of information and knowledge is available within the organi

Define the Key Terms Essay Example for Free

Define the Key Terms Essay Application: Generally, a function on any kind of computer or electronic device that is useful to the user, which can give the user a reason to want to own and use the device. More specifically, software that performs some useful function for a user. Computer network: A combination of many components that work together so that many different devices can communicate. Computer networking: The gerund form of the term computer network. Email: Electronic mail. An application in which the user can type text and attach other files to create the electronic equivalent of a postal letter, and send the email to another person using his or her email address. Enterprise network: A network owned and operated by a company, with that company being somewhat larger than typical, generally (but not exactly) with more than 1000 employees. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, The protocol  used by web browsers and web servers to define the format of URLs (web addresses) and the messages used to exchange web objects. Internet/the Internet: The global network formed by interconnecting most of the networks on the planet, with each home and company network connecting to an Internet service provider (ISP), which in turn connects to other ISPs. Link: A generic term for any network cable or wireless communications path between two devices over which bits can be transmitted. Node: A generic term for any networking device that sits on the end of links, for the purpose of both connecting links to create physical paths and to make decisions about how to forward data through the network. Protocol: A set of rules that different devices and/or software must follow so that the network works correctly. Video frame: A grid of pixel locations of a chosen width by height that contains the lights/colors to be shown in a video at a single point in time. Voice call: A more modern term for a telephone call that does not use the word telephone, instead emphasizing the fact that the traffic that flows between the endpoints is voice. Web address: Text that identifies details about one object in a network so that a client can request that object from a server. An informal term for URL. Web browser: Literally, software controlled directly by a user that requests web pages from a web server, and after receiving a page, displays the web page in a window. More generally, this term refers to both the software and the hardware on which it executes. Web page: In a web browser, all the text, images, video, and sound that fill the window of the browser when the user opens a link to some web address. Web server: Literally, software that stores web pages and web objects, listens for requests for those pages, and sends the contents of those pages/objects to clients. More generally, this term refers to both the software and the hardware on which it executes.

Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Depression and suicide are two causes of death that are increasing in prevalence for all age groups. They are also on the rise in a specific age group, that of older adults. The theory behind this finding that older adults are becoming more and more depressed and committing suicide at a greater rate than ever before is due to their failing physical and mental health. The purpose of this paper is to expand upon and prove this theory by gathering statistics about suicide in older adults, and by obtaining the information of scholarly sources by summarizing their views as it relates to the above mentioned theory. Official suicide statistics identify older adults as a high-risk group (Mireault & Deman, 1996). In 1992, it was reported that older adults comprised about 13% of the U.S. population, yet accounted for 20% of its suicides; in contrast, young people, ages 15-24, comprised about 14% of the population and accounted for 15% of the suicides (Miller, Segal, & Coolidge, 2001). Among older persons, there are between two to four suicide attempts for every completed attempt (Miller, Segal, & Coolidge, 2001). However, the suicide completion rate of older adults is 50% higher than the population as a whole. This is because older adults who attempt suicide die from the attempt more often than any other age group. Not only do elders kill themselves at a greater rate than any other group in society, but they tend to be more determined and purposeful (Weaver & Koenig, 2001). Studies of Depression and Suicide in Older Adults Depression in Older Adults A study was conducted examining the relationships between disease severity, functional impairment, and depression among a sample of older adults with age-related macular degeneration. It showed that the relationship between visual acuity and physical function was moderated by depressive symptoms (Casten, Rovner, & Edmonds, 2002). It appears that when faced with vision loss, depressed persons tend to generalize their disability to activities that are not necessarily vision dependent. They seem to adopt the attitude of not being able to see leads to not being able to do. This attitude is in line with the cognitive theory of depression in which depressed persons engage in faulty information processing (Casten, Rovner, & Edmonds, 2002). Suicide in Older Adults A study about older adult suicide was c... ... adults, reasons for depression in older adults, reasons for suicide in older adults, and included studies on depression and suicide in older adults. A review of suicide notes from older adults was also conducted. It was found that the theory to be corroborated was successful. It is true, based on the findings from the above mentioned sources, that depression and suicide are increasing in prevalence among older adults due to their failing physical and mental health. There are several aspects to physical and mental health, however they appear to be the main causes for the increase in depression and suicide among older adults. Reasons for depression among older adults briefly include anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, genetic factors, interpersonal relations, and stressful life events. Reasons for suicide among older adults can be briefly summarized by physical and psychiatric illnesses, unbearable psychological pain, cognitive construction, indirect expressions, inability to adjust, interpersonal relations, rejection-aggression, alcohol abuse, identification-egression, visual impairment, neurological disorders, malignant disease cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal disorders.

The Impact of Slavery on Black Women Essay -- Slavery Essays

The Impact of Slavery on Black Women â€Å"Only by experience can any one realize how deep, and dark, and foul is that pit of abominations.† (Jacobs, 120). These words are spoken by Harriet Jacobs (also known as Linda Brent) and after reading about her life experience as a slave, I have come to believe that slavery was far worse for women than it ever was for men. Jacobs never states that black slave men had it easy during the slave years, in fact she tells a few stories about how some slave men were beaten. She also tells about the life experience of a slave girl, herself. Her own experiences made me feel blessed that I was never born as a black woman during the time of slavery. I do not think that I would have been strong enough to endure such times. Let’s begin with the living conditions and the rights and honor of a slave, male or female. First of all, slaves were given one pair of shoes, two pairs of pants, and maybe one shirt that was to last them for at least a year. Most of the time, their shoes were used or old shoes. Once their shoes got holes and wore down, they wore nothing on their bare feet, even through the winter times. When it came to rights, no black slave had any rights. When I say any, I mean none. Just to name a few; they, and this was for women too, had no right to protect their families, marry who they wish, or own any property. Black men were considered to have no honor. Having honor was something that the Elite white men believed that only they could possess Honor in their eyes of the white man was represented by a dual. If you were a black slave, you could not defend yourself or your family because according to the whites, slaves and women had no honor. If they even thought about proving themse lves, which was rare, they were either whipped or killed by their Masters. Slaves were not looked at as men. They were looked as property, nothing but a working tool. The physical torture that a slave went through was not based on how they were treated in regards to work, but on how they were punished. Most of the time they were beat with a whip made from cow hide, until they bled. They would whip the slaves until the overseer (the person who watched over the slaves) was tired. Other times, slaves were not so lucky. For example, Frederick Douglas, an American slave, told a story that went like this. (Douglas, 34 & 35) â€Å"Mr. Gore on... ...tress would convince her husband to sell the child. Women were also denied the right to marry because the Mistress did not want the slave to take time away from tending or nursing her white children so that they could take care of their own baby. Hopefully I have explained enough of what I have learned about slavery to make you understand the injustice treatments that the black slaves had to endure. When I look back at what I have learned in these readings, I remind myself how lucky we are. We are able to marry who we want, keep our children, and have the right to be respected as a person. Today people whose children are abducted go through probably an unimaginable devastation, and slaves back then were expected to continue life as if nothing happened. It is very sad. Slave men did suffer but in my opinion, women by far had it the worst. Works Cited Douglas, Frederick, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. New York: Random House, Inc., 2000. Evans, Sara M., Born for Liberty. New York: First Free Press, 1997. Jacobs, Harriet, Incidents in the Life of A Slave Girl. New York: Random House, Inc., 2000.

Comingof Age – Adolescence and Identity

Coming of Age Interview Adolescence and Identity Life is a series of lessons and challenges which help us to grow. According to Erik Erickson, the better that people come through each crisis, the better they will tend to deal with what lies ahead. People experience the most lessons during their childhood when they are Just learning of how the world operates. Children and young adults handle situations very differently because their thought processes are different depending on their experiences.Of course lessons can be revisited successfully when they reoccur as adults, if they are recognized as a problem. This essay is a good example of how two people raised in different environments felt like they became adults. I chose to use myself as one example and a co-worker to compare to. The interviewee is a 23 year old male named Michael. Michael was raised by his mother and father in Texas. His father was in the Marines and their family moved a lot. He said that his father was hard on him to always be manly and tough and he was physical with him for punishment.His parent's eventually divorced and Michael started to do his own thing with his friends in Texas while staying at his moms. He said that because he moved a lot growing up he was okay with having his things scattered about and staying with different people. It seemed like he did not have much stability after graduating High School. He waited two years after High School before he realized that he needed to do something with his life. It was a shock to him that life was nothing like High School. He stated, â€Å"l was the popular one in High School and I had a lot of friends. After we graduated they all did things and I stayed and was bored.I decided to Join the Marines like my dad. † Michael ended up in the Army instead which is how he became my co-worker. Now, Michael is newly married and takes care of a one year old girl. He has his own apartment and is the only one who brings home the income. He said that he felt he came of age when he joined the military and realized that life wasn't like High School. He rebelled to community expectations for the longest time until he realized that it made life more difficult and he needed money to get anywhere. He said that he used to Just care about partying and hanging out with friends but now his interests are in his family and career.He is comfortable with his adult identity but he realizes that he picked up some anger issues from his father and that can cause strain in his marriage as it did with his parent's. Like Erikson suggests, depending on how you dealt with things in adolescence it can reflect the way you do in adulthood. My development was different in that I was not necessarily raised by my parent's at all. I grew up in Northern Wisconsin and only moved around in the same three owns. My mother suffers from Schizophrenia and my father is also an alcoholic who had violent tendencies.I felt that I was an adult at the young age of 13 . I was completely self-sufficient and got a Job right away at the age of 14. I knew what I had to do to succeed Just by going off what my parent's were lacking in. I told myself that I mental illness and we grew up with little to no income. I lived with my younger brother Taylor up until he was taken from the home at age 4. Instead of being very popular and focused on the High School life like Michael, I was focusing on my grades ND Job so that I could graduate early and attend college. I graduated a half a year ahead of my class and started college right away.I never imagined not having a Job. It became hard for me to afford college on my own so I Joined the Army. Michael joined the Army as a sort of last resort to kick his life into gear. One thing that I know was similar; whether it had correlation or not, is that we both had alcoholic fathers. I did many successful things as a youth but that's not to say that I didn't get into the drinking and drug scene myself. My father's inf luence showed me that it was okay to rink and it looked like that is what adults do. I was acting like an adult with work and school so I also started to drink at age 13.Michael also started to drink at a young age with no question as to what right or wrong was. I think this shows that parental influence is a large factor in shaping your own values and coming of age. According to Erikson, â€Å"Surrounded by mighty disapproval the child's original state of naive self-love is said to be compromised. He looks for models by which to measure himself, and seeks happiness in trying to resemble them. Where he succeeds he achieves self-esteem†¦ † (Erickson 1980. As seen by the example above, the role models Michael and I have both affected us but in different ways.I chose to do the opposite of my parent's because I saw the mistakes they made. Michael chose to follow the career path of his father because he saw it support the family. â€Å"The growing child must derive a vitiati ng sense of reality from the awareness that his individual way of mastering experience is a successful variant in a group identity and is in accord with its space-time and life plan. † (Erickson 1980. ) It is shown that each child has their own perspective of reality and adulthood which comes about through positive and negative experiences in childhood and adolescence.Erickson theory is useful in that it reminds us to look back and wonder where a person's actions and way of life derived from. It is important to remember that in order to fix any problems and make changes in adulthood. It is silly to think that we Just woke up one day with anger problems or low self-esteem. Everything came from somewhere and finding the source makes it easier to handle. References Erikson, E. H. (1980). Ego Development and Historical Change. Identity and the life cycle (up. 17-50). New York: Norton.

Mentor Interview Essay

Rural Education Access Program as a Financial Administrator to give me wisdom and experience to transform my success. Most of the time when a child Is released by parents to go study at a tertiary level they are given advice on how they should conduct themselves in order to be successful in their studies and also in the workplace, this is when the experience of the elders or the ones that have gone through the Journey takes place.Ocean Robbins wrote, â€Å"l want to awaken the passion and creativity of youth , combine it with the wisdom, experience and insight of elders, and transform our world. † In order to succeed or be competent In academics you need to have certain skills that you will utilize and he mentioned a few which Is to have listening skill, Group-working skill and Communication skill where these skills help during lectures and amongst fellow students. Nicholas stated, â€Å"And most of all It Is to have resilience so that what ever comes in your way you do not g ive up but keep on pushing until one achieves that goal†.One other skills that I think has mad my school life better is planning whatever task I am about to do, and to make sure that I follow it. Throughout the interview Nicholas mentions that the Job he does entails most of the above mentioned skills as he works in a finance department of an organization where he has to communicate with deferent departments regarding payments and other financial tasks to the organization like communicating with creditors and stakeholders.This also requires one to be able to work as a team. Clearly has mentioned In one of her books that â€Å"communication Is always purposeful and that the purpose in business communication is to inform, to persuade and to create goodwill† (Eileen et al. , 1999,p. 8). Without communication I do not think we as people e would be able to share knowledge amongst each other.For Nicholas, participation at school really played a bigger role In his success and as part of his memories about school, mentioning that he attended a self-development camp at EDUCE,meeting with mentors and coaches, making sure that he works hard memory he says he will never forget was graduating with 10 Pioneers as it was quite an achievement because they all have gone through some challenges. I can truly relate to this because I have seen how effective it is to take part in development programmed where I get to learn more about my strengths and weaknesses as well s leadership skills.One other aspect he still has about school is the battle of finding a way to balance work life and academics. Nicholas writes, â€Å"l had to work as no one was working at home, and also having a lot of work but limited time†. Which makes me realize that if he can do it through those battles, nothing could stop me from making my own dreams come true. According to Nicholas, the importance of time management is being able to meet due dates on assignments by so you are also reduc ing stress and pressure. He said this also reflects on the quality of work be it in the workplace or assignments at University on how well did one do.Victor Hugo wrote, â€Å"He who every morning plans the transactions of that day and follows that plan carries a thread that will guide him through the labyrinth of the most busy life†. This is true because by not being mindful of my time I realize that there's no enough time to modify or rectify my ideas and Just end up aiming to pass or get the task done and not do exceptionally well instead. He says he still applies time management even in his work life and believes that he wouldn't be able to produce quality work without managing his time well.According to L. Callisthenic (Blobs: March 12, 2012) â€Å"Life is such a wonderful, beautiful thing ND it's made out of time. That's why wasting time is essentially wasting life. I mean, time management is about so much more than organizing papers. It's about making the most of your life†. Through his talk I have come to realize that managing my time well somehow has created self-discipline for my work, because this serves as guidance to what happens tomorrow and in order to prove my discipline for that plan I have to fulfill it.He feels that time management does not go alone in the workplace, you have to be able to balance all your skills and that requires a skill also. He mentioned them eying it is team-working skills, communication skills, leadership skills, networking skills and a skill to handle work individually. He feels that the fact that you have gotten a qualification does not guarantee that you will get work, that is why these skills are important so that you can be competent amongst other employees but most of all to do your work very well.I think if I could put these skills to life in general and master them in my life, I can be able to apply them easily in the workplace. It is very easy to apply these skills in the workplace if you are deter mined and know hat you want to achieve, what is nice is that I work with different individuals who your position in an organization, says Nicholas. Leadership has been ranked as the 12th essential skill in the workplace out of 16 skills ( Employment skills for the 21st century workplace,2012).Dealing with different individuals has opened a lot of doors for me in terms of knowing myself and how to work with others even here at school. I still apply these skills at work in order to work well, and to have a better relationship with my manager and colleagues. But learn to always accept that you may not get hem all correct, but as long as you are doing what is working for your work. I think it is essential that one knows what skills they are very good a so they can enhance them, and rise at the top in terms of competency.Before this interview I thought I knew everything that one needs in order to succeed academically and also at work, which is to â€Å"study', not realizing that is not all I need. But I have found out there is still a lot to learn from mentors. This interview has served as the first step to learning from those that have knowledge. The most interesting thing I have learnt also is to have control over your future, and strive to earn more from others. Overall, I trust that all this information will assist me in transforming and making my dreams come true, both at school and at work.

China Currency Exchange Rate Essay

The currency regime adopted by China is neither fixed nor flexible exchange rate system. China has announced in 2005 the â€Å"end of its firm peg against the dollar, instead allowing it to trade within a narrow band against a basket of currencies.† China regime is managed floating system where the currency increases very slowly year by year and the China government prevent the currency from changing quickly in the short term. The reason why Chinese government intervene in the currency market is to lower exchange rate to increase employment, maintain a fixed rate to maintain stability and improve their current account deficit. China government manage its currency rate by buying foreign currencies to increase supply of China currency, therefore lowering its currency value. They also lower the value of its currency by lowering their interest rates. In the case of China, it is very difficult and challenging for them to adopt the fixed exchange rate system due to their disadvantages. Firstly, China government must always adjust its interest rate so maintain the exchange rate. Changing the interest rate frequently will cause fluctuations in investments and growth and also stable employment. There is also a possibility that the export rate may be set at the wrong level. For example, if it was set at a higher level, this could affect China export competitiveness and their domestic market will suffer. Question 4b Though China has been heavily criticised by some foreign countries like USA for their practice, there are some advantages to managed flow system. Firstly, the managed flow system will ensure stability in China compared to floating. This is because if China suddenly appreciate their currency, their exports production will suffer and there will be lots of unemployment as a result. However there are disadvantages to managed floating system as well. People will try to challenge the earn funds from the currency as this system is very prone to speculative attack. Experiences have shown that speculative attacks could decrease the growth of a country’s gross domestic product by 6 percent or more.

(SOCIAL WORK) Social Circumstances Report - Case Study Essay

(SOCIAL WORK) Social Circumstances Report - Case Study - Essay Example She likes to spend time with her grandmother and learn Gujarati from her. Till this age she has not dated or selected her lover. She comes from a conservative family background. In their family culture they respect Muslim traditions and follow their customs. Ruksana suffers from certain disabilities like learning disability and physical weakness. Many people in the world faced this problem in their childhood. â€Å"Learning disabilities are problems that affect the brains ability to receive process, analyze, or store information.† (Learning disabilities 2009). Her speech is impaired and she struggles due to phonological disorder. These two problem forces her to take help from others in her personal chores. She travels short distance by electric wheelchair. She completed her schooling from a residential specialist school. Students of such schools are different from normal students. They cannot learn like normal students. They are physically weak and have learning disability. According to a report about safeguarding disabled children in residential special schools â€Å"protection from abuse of disabled children living in residential settings has received much less attention than the protection of children looked after by local authorities.† (Paul, Cawson & Paton 2006). People need patience to communicate with her. It indicates that one reason for her impaired speech may be lack of attention from her parents or other close relatives. Had they given more attention to her in her childhood, this problem could have been solved to an extent. Her speech and language therapist Mr. Jean helps her for this. He adopts computerized assistive voice technology and she is interested in this computer based study. Usually such people seek help from learning and speech therapists when they face problem in learning and reading (About academic language therapy 2004). Here Ruksana did not get help at the initial stage. When she got such a

Arrest of Mr Ballew for Conferring a Misdeed for Demonstrating a Assignment

Arrest of Mr Ballew for Conferring a Misdeed for Demonstrating a Profane Movement Film - Assignment Example Mr Ballew contended either that the two tallies he was being indicted for added up to double jeopardy/ twofold risk or the seizing of the movies were illicit and illegitimate. On the other hand, the court dismissed these conflicts subsequently denying him certiorari, building its contention in light of the instance of McIntyre v. State in which the defendants were denied certiorari (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978). â€Å"Because of the fundamental importance of the jury trial to the American system of criminal justice, any further reduction [of the number of members on a jury below six] that promotes inaccurate & possibly biased decision-making, that causes untoward differences in verdicts, & that prevents juries from truly representing their communities, attains constitutional significance† (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978). In delivering its ruling, the Court of Supreme decided that a five-person jury does not meet the sacred edge or constitutional requirements as provided by the Sixth Ame ndment of the United States’ constitution that applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. For this reason, the Supreme Court granted certiorari to the accused but consequently giving a disclaimer that it wouldn’t achieve alternate issues. Case in point, as he would like to think, which agreed to other Justices sentiments, Justice Blackmun expressed that a criminal trial presided over by a less than six-person jury considerably undermined the certifications of the Sixth & Fourteenth Amendments and subsequently, the condition of Georgia has no persuasive contention, notwithstanding, the advocacy and claim for inefficient budgetary allocation and time to defend the decision of decreasing a jury from six persons to five (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978). Thus, from their assessments before conveying the judgment all the judges including Blackmun, J., Marshall, J., Stevens, J., White, J., Burger, C.J., Rehnquist, J., Brennan, J., Stewart and Powell, J.,   agreed that that the instance of Ballew v. Georgia issue of whether a criminal trial by a state, which constrained a jury to five denied the charged individual a right enshrined in the constitution and provided to him/her by the Sixth & Fourteenth Amendments disregarded such secured rights (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978).

Application of Organizational Behavior Concepts Research Paper

Application of Organizational Behavior Concepts - Research Paper Example Job enrichment concept refers to the variant ways that an organization applies to enhance its productivity by increasing employee’s job motivation, self-worth, and satisfaction. Regardless of the scope, operations, size, type, and ownership, of an organization, the adoption of the job enrichment concept fosters employee production and worker motivation. However, many organizations do not apply job enrichment concept in their management and hence the employees are constantly dissatisfied thus leading to employee turnover. Indeed, very few organizations have the ability to attract and retain trained and qualified employees. This leads to significant monetary loses and affects employee morale, customer relationships, the effectiveness of other employees, and leads to job injuries and theft. In fact, high employee turnover lowers the public trust and the goodwill of an organization. Therefore, it is the prerogative of any human resource manager to reduce employee turnover in a ref erence organization for purposes of reducing accrued losses and low productivity. As such, the Human resource is responsible for compensation and benefits, and advanced opportunities, job satisfaction, and retention of a highly effective workforce.   In conclusion, the paper will propose possible solutions to the issues leading to a higher employee turnover at Healthcare Inc. Identifying the Causes of High Turnover at Healthcare Inc In ascertaining the causes of high employee turnover at Healthcare Inc., one should know that if an organization has lost more than 20% of the staff within five years, then that qualifies to be high turnover. One should then observe on where improvements are necessary for the workforce, and conduct interviews on the employee satisfaction. One should consider whether the organization offers a desirable work environment, whether there is appropriate assigning and performance of tasks, whether there is an effective way of communication, whether employees support one another, and whether there are appropriate recruitment and training of employees. Motivational issues, recruitment and employee selection issues, and leadership issues dominate the list of causes of high turnover at Healthcare Inc. (Capko, 2001). Recruitment, Employee Selection Issues and Job Enrichment Concept The employee turnover has a direct correlation with the recruitment and employee selection issues. Recruitment refers to an affirmative process where many candidates apply for the same job while selection involves the discarding of the unqualified candidates (Smith and Lister, 2008). Hence, recruitment precedes selection. The employee selection process involves the hiring of qualified workers for the right job (Collins, 2007). In doing this, the management links the organizational requirements with the skills and qualifications of potential workers. This leads to the quality performance of the employees and low employee turnover. However, where selection happens i n a fraudulent manner, employee turnover is inevitable.