Case Assignment: Disney the Happiest Brand on Earth

REPORT 1 CASE ASSIGNMENT: Disney The Happiest Brand on Earth In 2006, Disney’s Pixar released the hit movie Cars, which grossed $462 million worldwide. Since then, Cars merchandise has generated over $2 billion in sales each year. Pixar has since created a series of Cars shorts to be aired on the Disney Channel with a subsequent DVD release. A Cars sequel is in the works for 2011, and an online virtual gaming world is set to release 2009. In 2012, Disney’s California Adventure theme park will open its 12-acre Cars Land attraction.At Disney, the brand is the name of the game, and cross-platform success of the Cars franchise is by no means the exception to the rule. Disney also has the Jonas Brothers, Hannah Montana, High School Musical, the Disney Princesses, Pirates of the Caribbean, and the list goes on and on. The man behind the magic is Disney’s CEO, Bob Iger, who has lead a dramatic revitalization of the Disney brand since succeeding longtime head Michael Eis ner in 2005. When he first took the post, his strategy shifted Disney’s focus around its stable of â€Å"franchises. These franchises are distributed across Disney’s multiple company platforms and divisions, such as Disney’s various television broadcasts platforms (the Disney Channel, ABC, ESPN), its consumer products business, theme parks, Disney’s Hollywood Records music label, and Disney’s publishing arm in Hyperion, just to name a few. Iger’s franchise strategy has been supported by the other major move he made upon first becoming CEO. On his first day on the job, Iger told the board that revitalizing Disney’s animation business was a top priority, which would be improved through the purchase of Pixar.As part of Iger’s franchise strategy the deal made perfect sense, as many of Disney’s latest TV shows, Disneyland rides, and merchandise were based on Pixar characters. Finding a new market to push the Disney franchise became a priority as well. With the Disney brand growing flat, it was becoming evident that Disney had missed some opportunities for broader success due to a narrowing of its target market, which was at the time largely associated with younger children.Iger’s first move was to broaden Disney’s viewership by moving the Disney Channel from premium to basic cable and launching local versions in key global markets. Then, Disney began pushing franchises to capture the rapidly growing tween market. Putting its support behind the Disney channel’s High School Musical and Hannah Montana and the Jonas Brothers, who were emerging out of Disney’s music label, Disney quickly generated a series of franchise juggernauts in the tween girl market.Though Disney’s focus has remained on family-friendly fair, Iger has shown a new willingness to look to even broader markets if they fit with the Disney brand. Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean, the first Disney fi lm with a PG-13 rating, based off the classic theme park ride, played a major role in refocusing the brand, and it also helped expand the Disney appeal to older kids and even adults. The Pirates and Cars franchises also provided preliminary steps for Disney’s latest endeavors to crack the tween boy market, one traditionally difficult for media companies to sustainably capture.Their efforts focus around the new Disney XD channel, which has a broad range of offerings, such as potential new franchises like the science fiction action-adventure show Aaron Stone and showcases of new musical talent. Disney will also be able to leverage ESPN to create original sports- based programming. The channel will be accompanied by a Disney XD Web site, which will promote the channel’s programs, as well as offer games and original videos, social networking, and online community opportunities.As it continues to expand and provide new franchise offerings, Disney looks to have relatively st rong momentum, even in the midst of rising economic challenges. As Steve Jobs, Apple CEO and Disney board member, puts it, â€Å"Family is a renewable resource,† and right now, Disney is making the most of it. SOURCES: Richard Siklos, â€Å"Bob Iger Rocks Disney,† Fortune, January 19, 2009, 80–86; Peter Sanders, â€Å"Disney Focuses on Boys,† The Wall Street Journal, January 8, 2009, available at ttp://online. wsj. com/article/SB123137513996262627. html (accessed January 14, 2009). 1. Do a brief market opportunity analysis for Disney, identifying the major markets that Disney has expanded into. 2. How does Disney’s cross-platform franchising help create sustainable competitive advantage? 3. Describe the marketing mix for one of Disney’s franchises. 4. Describe the major components of Bob Iger’s strategic plan when he first became CEO.

Organizational Justice Essay

It has been argued that if organizational decisions and managerial actions are deemed unfair or unjust, the affected employees experience feelings of anger, outrage and resentment; There is also evidence that disgruntled employees retaliate to Organizational Injustice, directly: e.g., by theft, vandalism and sabotage or indirectly by withdrawal and resistance behavior. Engaging in socially responsible behavior has been a great concern to leaders of Today’s organizations. Here again, OB specialists have sought to explain this behavior, and their efforts will be outlined in this research. As a subject of philosophical interest, the study of justice dates back to the times of Plato and Socrates (Ryan, 1993). However, research on organizational justice started with Adams’ work on equity theory (Adams, 1963, 1965) and has progressed steadily over time. Greenberg (1990b) explained organizational justice as a literature â€Å"grown around attempts to describe and explain the role of fairness as a consideration in the workplace. Adams’ work led to a research period concentrating on fairness of pay or outcomes at work place (Deutsch, 1985). In other words, the equity theory emphasized the perceived fairness of outcomes, i.e., distributive fairness. Equity theory is based on the notions of relative deprivation and social comparison. Individuals in organizations are expected to compare their own input to output ratio to the ratio of a referent who could be the self considered at another point of time or others in the past, present, or expected future to determin e the level of fairness. According to equity theory, when compared ratios are not equal, the individuals may perceive inequity and so may involve in behaviors meant to restore the cognitive perception of equality (they may modify their effort, or change their perceptions of inputs or outcomes). However, the focus of this research shifted to procedural justice: the perceived fairness of the process by which outcomes are determined /arrived at, because of inability of equity theory and distributive justice models to fully predict and explain peoples’ reactions to perceived injustice. This shift expanded the study of distributive justice, since research findings revealed that distribution of rewards was not always as important to individuals as the process by which they were allocated. Organizational justice refers to â€Å"the just and ethical treatment of individuals within an Organization† organizational justice is â€Å"the term commonly used by organizational psychologists to refer to the just and fair manner in which organizations treat their employees†. The dictionary defines the word Justice as fairness (Popular Oxford New-Age Primary School Dictionary). However, in daily life, the term justice is used to mean â€Å"oughtness† or â€Å"righteousness†. In organizational sciences research, justice is considered to be socially constructed which means that an act is considered to be just if it is perceived so by the individuals on the basis of empirical research. Corporate Social Responsibility, the forms it takes, and the nature of the relationship between responsible behavior and financial profitability. Corporate social responsibility refers to business practices that adhere to ethical values, that comply with legal requirements, and that promote the betterment of individuals and the community at large. It’s most popular forms include making charitable contributions to the community, preserving the environment, investing in a socially responsible manner, and promoting the welfare of employees. Generally, research shows that socially responsible companies tend to be more profitable than companies that are less socially responsible. This reflects the virtuous circle, the tendency for successful companies to be socially responsible because they can afford to do so, which in turn, helps their chances of being even more financially successful. Organizational Justice: Fairness Matters Suppose you received a failing grade in a course. You don’t like it, of course, but can you say that the grade is unfair? To answer this question, you would likely take several things into consideration. For example, does the grade accurately reflect how well you performed in the course? Were your scores added accurately and were they computed in an unbiased fashion? Has the professor treated you in a polite and professional fashion? Finally, has the professor communicated the grading process to you adequately? In judging how fairly you have been treated, questions such as these are likely to be raised—and your answers are likely to have a considerable impact on how you feel about your grade, the professor, and even the school as a whole. Moreover, they are likely to have a profound effect on how you respond, such as whether you quietly accept the grade, complain about it to someone, or even quit school entirely. Although this example involves you as a student, the same considerations are likely to arise in the workplace. In that context, instead of talking about grades from professors, concerns about justice may take analogous forms. Does your salary reflect your work accomplishments? How was your performance evaluation determined? Were you treated with dignity and respect by your boss? Were you given important job information in a thorough and timely manner? Matters such as these are relevant to organizational justice—the study of people’s perceptions of fairness in organizations. My discussion of organizational justice focuses on three key areas—the major forms of organizational justice, the relationships between these forms, and suggestions for promoting justice in organizations. Forms of Organizational Justice and Their Effects The idea that justice is a multifaceted concept follows from the variety of questions just raised, everything from how much you get paid to how well you are treated by your boss. Organizational justice takes the four different forms identified here. Each of these forms of justice has been found to have different effects in organizations. Distributive Justice. On the job, people are concerned with getting their â€Å"fair share† of resources. We all want to be paid fairly for the work we do and we want to be adequately recognized for our efforts and any special contributions we bring to the job. Distributive justice is the form of organizational justice that focuses on people’s beliefs that they have received fair amounts of valued work-related outcomes (e.g., pay, recognition, etc.). For example, workers consider the formal appraisals of their performance to be fair to the extent that these ratings are based on their actual level of performance (for an example, People who believe that they have been ill-treated on the job tend to experience high levels of stress and also feel dissatisfied with their jobs and the companies in which they work. Feelings of distributive justice can have a great impact on people’s motivation to perform their jobs.) A recent study provides good insight into this proces s. Researchers conducting this investigation compared two groups of workers with respect to their feelings about distributive justice: a group of local workers from Singapore and a group of foreign workers, Chinese people who worked in Singapore. In this setting, foreign workers tend not to be paid commensurate with their skills. Not surprisingly, the foreign workers expressed higher levels of distributive injustice and were less productive on their jobs. Because they received less, they did less, as distributive justice dictates. These findings are illustrative of many that demonstrate people’s keen sensitivity to their perceptions of the fairness by which resources are distributed on the job. In general, the more people believe that their rewards (e.g., pay, work assignments) are distributed in a fair manner; the more satisfied they are with them. Procedural justice – refers to people’s perceptions of the fairness of the procedures used to determine the outcomes they receive. Again, let’s consider as an example the formal appraisals of an individual’s job performance. Workers consider such ratings to be fair to the extent that certain procedure were followed, such as when raters were believed to be familiar with their work and when they believed that the standards used to judge them were applied to everyone equally. Interpersonal justice – People’s perceptions of the fairness of the manner in which they are treated by others (usually, authority figures). Imagine that you were just laid off from your job. You’re not happy about it, of course, but suppose that your boss explains this situation to you in a manner that takes some of the sting out of it. Although your boss cannot do anything about this high-level corporate decision, he or she is very sensitive to the harm this causes you and expresses concern for you in a highly sensitive and caring manner. Research has shown that people experiencing situations such as this tend to accept their layoffs as being fair and hold positive feelings about their supervisors. Importantly, such individuals are less inclined to sue their former companies on the grounds of wrongful termination than those who believe they were treated in an opposite manner—that is, an insensitive and disrespectful fashion. The type of justice demonstrated in this example is known as interpersonal justice. This refers to people’s perceptions of the fairness of the manner in which they are treated by others (typically, authority figures). Informational justice – People’s perceptions of the fairness of the information used as the basis for making a decision. Outcomes (as in the case of distributive justice), but leads them to reject the entire system as unfair. Procedural justice affects people’s tendencies to follow organizational rules: Workers are not inclined to follow an organization’s rules when they have reason to believe that its procedures are inherently unfair. And, of course, when this occurs, serious problems are likely to arise. Accordingly, everyone in an organization especially top official—would be well advised to adhere to the criteria for promoting procedural justice summarized in this research. Informational Justice – Imagine that you are a heavy smoker of cigarettes and learn that your company has just imposed a smoking ban. Although you may recognize that it’s the right thing to do, you are unhappy about it because the ruling forces you to change your behavior and break an addictive habit. Will you accept the smoking ban as fair and do your best to go along with it? Research suggests that you will do so only under certain circumstances—if you are given clear and thorough information about the need for the smoking ban (e.g., the savings to the company and improvements to the health of employees). The form of justice illustrated in this example is known as informational justice. This refers to people’s perceptions of the fairness of the information used as the basis for making a decision. Because detailed information was provided about the basis for implementing the smoking ban, informational justice was high, leading people to accept the fairness of the smoking ban. A key explanation for this phenomenon is that informational justice prompts feelings of being valued by others in an organization. This is known as the group-value explanation of organizational justice. The basic idea is that people believe they are considered an important part of the organization when an organizational official takes the time to explain thoroughly to them the rationale behind a decision. And people experiencing such feelings may be expected to believe that they are being treated in a fair manner. Relationships between Various Forms of Justice Although we have been describing the various forms of organizational justice separately, it would be misleading to assume that they are completely independent of one another. In fact, researchers have found some well-established relationships between the various forms of justice. Many different studies have reported that the relationship between outcome favorability and procedural justice takes the form summarized here. Specifically, people’s reactions to favorable outcomes are affected little by the fairness of the procedure, whereas people’s reactions to unfavorable outcomes are enhanced by the use of fair procedures. Same would apply to other outcomes as well, such as pay or recognition on the job.) Now, imagine that your grade either was the result of a simple arithmetic error (i.e., procedural justice was low) or that it was computed in an accurate, unbiased fashion (i.e., procedural justice was high). Generally speaking, you will respond more positively to the fair procedure than the unfair procedure, thinking more favorably of the professor and the school as a whole. (of course, the analogous effect also would apply in organizations.) So far, this is nothing new. Consider, however, what happens when you combine these effects, looking at the overall relationship between the favorability of outcomes together with the fairness of procedures to arrive at those outcomes. This relationship, which takes the interactive form, has been very well established among scientists studying organizational justice. The Preservative connection between Interpersonal Justice and Informational Justice In contrast to the interactive relationship between distributive justice and procedural justice, the relationship between interpersonal justice and informational justice is far simpler. Research has shown that perceptions of justice are enhanced when people explain outcomes using a lot of detail (i.e., when informational justice is high) and also when people explain outcomes in a manner that demonstrates a considerable amount of dignity and respect (i.e., when interpersonal justice is high). What happens when these effects are combined—that is, when information is presented in a manner that is both socially sensitive and highly informative? Research provides a clear answer, the effects are additive, in other words, each of these factors contributes somewhat to people’s perceptions of fairness, but together their effects are magnified. The more interpersonal justice and more informational justice is shown, the more people believe things are fair. This additive relationship between interpersonal justice and informational justice can be very valuable for supervisors to take into account when managing employees. Strategies for Promoting Organizational Justice Treating people fairly on the job surely is a noble objective. Although many people are concerned about being fair for its own sake, of course, there’s also a good practical reason for treating employees fairly. Specifically, individuals who believe they have been unfairly treated in any or all of the ways described respond quite negatively. We know for example, that people who feel unfairly treated are likely to do such things as work less hard, steal from their employers, do poor-quality work, or even quit their jobs altogether and then sue their former employers. Naturally, managers are likely to seek organizational justice to avoid these problems. In addition to minimizing such negative reactions managers also are likely to seek the positive reactions associated with being perceived as fair. For example, fairness has been associated with such desirable behaviors as helping one’s fellow workers and going along with organizational policies. Additional strategies that can be used to promote organizational justice: Promoting organizational justice can be done in several ways. First, it is important to pay workers what they deserve—the â€Å"going rate† for the work done wherever they work. Underpaying workers promotes dissatisfaction, leading to turnover. Second, workers should be given a voice—that is, some input into decisions. This may involve such strategies as holding regular meetings, conducting employee surveys, keeping an â€Å"open door policy,† and using suggestion systems. Third, follow openly fair procedures. Specifically, promote procedural fairness such as by using unbiased, accurate information and applying decision rules consistently. Managers also should openly describe the fair procedures they are using. Fourth, managers should explain decisions thoroughly in a manner demonstrating dignity and respect. Fifth, workers should be trained to be fair, such as by adhering to the principles described in this work.

SLP 3 HRM - 403 Don't let them just eat cake, designing a Essay

SLP 3 HRM - 403 Don't let them just eat cake, designing a compensation package for expatriates - Essay Example The compensation program developed provides incentive that gives expatriates to work outside the country and must pay well to help them offset their bills and maintain high living conditions in those countries, besides incidences of insecurity risks. Offering international compensation is regarded as internal rate of return as they are highly valued by employee’s performing international duties. It influences the organization’s culture, motivation and performance, and recruitment and selection of competent employees. (Dowling, & Welch, 1999) This is delineated as the amount of money received by an expatriate in the home country. It is affected by the exchange rates. The salaries in the designed package will be paid in home currency. The base pay is also the benchmark through, which helps in the calculation of benefits and bonuses. This is also referred to indirect compensation. It constitutes a portion of international compensation, usually a third of base salary. Benefits include entertainment, gifts, festival celebrations, telephone, and vehicles among others. An employee is likely to stay with an employer that is sensitive to its direct benefits. (Harzing, 2006) This is regarded by this scheme as an important feature of expatriate compensation. Cost of living is the most common allowance provided to expatriates, which help expatriates adjust so that they can enjoy same standards of living as in their home country. Some of these benefits include; reallocation allowance, housing, spouse, and home leave allowance. This refers to an additional payment that is accrued to employees I order to increase the output. Incentives can be either in monetary and non-monetary terms. Incentives will give expatriates reason to remain in the organization. This refers to an inducement, mostly in form of salary so as to accept overseas assignments. Expatriates working in countries, which are hostile to

Nike Case study Analyzing and Discussing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nike Case study Analyzing and Discussing - Essay Example is a company that has come to symbolize both the benefits and the risks inherent in globalization. During the year 1998, the company was under attack for allegedly exploiting overseas factory workers. In the past few years, the Nike Corporation has offered a microcosm of the issues surrounding consumerism and the global free market economy. Nike, like many other corporations from the economized world, has been criticized for exploiting laborers in manufacturing plants relocated to less economized societies. This exploitation has appeared grosser in that they are producing luxury products for over consumptive economized societies and disproportionally reward their star endorsers with lucrative contracts. The mounting criticism and campaigns against Nike, however, have not had much impact on a key part of their market, urban African-America (Watts, 2000). Poor African Americans understandably have some difficulty extending concern for abuses of workers overseas when the injustices they face in their own country are similarly acute. Although multinationals are eager to pursue the opportunities of increased global integration, they are increasingly aware of the reactions which their strategies induce - both at home and abroad. As part of the analysis of the case study of Nike Inc., this paper examines the difficulties and complexities that the company had to face with respect to its overseas labor problems. Discussions Exploitation of overseas workers of the company The labor practices that the company followed with respect to its overseas laborers was the major crisis that the company is facing (Lee, 2000). Nike developed a strong working relationship with two Japanese shoe manufacturers, Nippon Rubber and Nihon-Koyo, but as costs/prices increased in Japan over the course of the 1970s Nike began to search for alternative, lower-cost producers. During these same years, Nike opened up its own shoe factories in Maine and New Hampshire, hoping to develop a reliable and high-quality source to supply its growing domestic market. At the same time, the company also began to cultivate potential suppliers in Korea, Thailand, China and Taiwan. Over time, as Korea and Taiwan also began to develop, costs began to rise in these countries as well. As a result, Nike began to urge its suppliers to re-locate their operations to other, lower-cost countries. The company worked with its lead suppliers to open up manufacturing plants in Indonesia, China and Vietnam. By guaranteeing a significant number of orders and by placing Nike employees at these new factories to help monitor product quality and production processes, Nike was able to help its lead vendors establish an extensive network of footwear factories throughout Southeast Asia (Locke). The same factors that permitted Nike to grow at an impressive rate over the last several decades - taking advantage of global sourcing opportunities to produce lower cost products and investing these savings into innovative designs and marketing campaigns - have also created serious problems for the company in recent years. Though analysts and many others feel that the management of the company is responsible for this crisis, it cannot be said so. The company and its management cannot be 100% responsible since it is the

Effect of a Brief Seminar on Retirement Planning for Senior Dental Article

Effect of a Brief Seminar on Retirement Planning for Senior Dental Hygiene Students - Article Example rences in relative risk aversion, a variable that derives its theoretical relevance and explanatory power from the life-cycle hypothesis of consumption and saving (Jefferson, 2007). These studies would be a back ground in the investigation of the knowledge and attitudes of senior dental hygiene students in regard to personal financial investing and retirement planning for their future through a brief pre-test survey. However a number of literatures are available inquiring into the factors affecting the decisions differentiating consumption and saving. An individual’s holdings might be influenced by the asset holdings of other household members and thus portfolio composition appeared to be affected by factors that go beyond an innate gender difference in approaches to risk. Other relevant institutional factors might include the workplace and peer groups (Clark-Murphy and Gerrans P, 2001). In the analysis of information on pension coverage and pension plan characteristics in the 1992 and 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances, indicated that both gender and marital status affected the way individuals chose to allocate their retirement investments across different assets and the investment behavior of married men and women was significantly different from that of single men and women. (Lyons A & Yilmazer T, 2004). Studies by Sunden A & Surette B(1998) also had suggested similar impact of gender and marital status on retirement investment. Further, Lundberg and Ward-Batts (2000) had studied the effect of age and education on the saving behavior of individuals and families. The household decision taking process was further added as a factor affecting the investment decision as collective modeling study done by Lyons A & Yilmazer T (2004) assumed that whoever controlled the resources within the household had a greater impact over the financial decisions within the household However the relevance of retirement planning has been reiterated by a number of literatures

What is data mining and how can it bring benefits to a business Essay

What is data mining and how can it bring benefits to a business organisation - Essay Example 2007).Data mining is incorporated for gaining in depth patterns for market intelligence from data warehouses containing massive amount of data. However, the issue that arises is not the quantity of data, as we already have massive amount of data to work with, it is the methodology that is required to learn data. Likewise, data provides all the attributes but how to utilize them for gaining benefit is another question. This is the area that is addressed by data mining, as it is used for extracting valuable information from large amount of data saved on periodic basis. Likewise, information that can be extracted may contain relationships and different patterns. For instance, a retail store may indicate that some products are more in demand in one channel of distribution, there may be two different products that are sold at the same time in a specific geographic location, some specific products are more in demand in some geographic locations and similarly, some products are more demandi ng in certain events may be associated with religious events. If we take an example of Wal-Mart, the store has found that if there is a probability of a hurricane, the demand of beet increases in that specific geographical area, therefore, stores have to stock more beers that usual in this sort of situation (Keating 2008). Employee associated with utilizing patterns of customer behavior from data mining, i.e. a financial analyst would seek facets of the store or organization that may become bankrupt, similarly, human resource managers would seek information of a successful potential employee, employees working in a credit card department would like to get information associated with credit card debts payments from potential customers and also to analyze the legitimate credit card transactions against the falsified ones, marketing department executives would like to extract information associated with product

Homeostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homeostasis - Essay Example As body needs to respond to any disturbance in the internal milieu very quickly therefore initial response of the body is a reflex response usually takes place through peripheral controlling systems, especially nervous system. Failure of homeostasis causes diseases disease and sometimes death. Major systems controlling homeostasis in the body are nervous system and endocrine system. These systems have got their own specific characteristics which make them integral components which help maintain homeostasis: There are some physiological set points related to various systems in the body. Whenever there is disturbance to these set points body responds to this change and tries to bring the situation back to normal. This reversal of disturbance or change is necessary to keep an individual healthy and alive. Some of these conditions or parameters are: Central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS) and endocrine systems work together to maintain these parameters within normal limits. Any change in the set points is detected and recognized by these systems and efficiently maintained by these systems with the help of feedback system. ... 6. Adrenal medulla: adrenaline - adaptation to stress; 7. Pancreas: insulin - regulation of blood glucose level. Physiological set points There are some physiological set points related to various systems in the body. Whenever there is disturbance to these set points body responds to this change and tries to bring the situation back to normal. This reversal of disturbance or change is necessary to keep an individual healthy and alive. Some of these conditions or parameters are: Body temperature: regulated close to 37 C Blood pH: kept at 7.4 Arterial blood pressure: maintained around 120/80 mm Hg Maintenance of blood glucose level Maintenance of fluids and salts, osmoregulation Central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS) and endocrine systems work together to maintain these parameters within normal limits. Any change in the set points is detected and recognized by these systems and efficiently maintained by these systems with the help of feedback system. Initially, most of the time, nervous control takes this initiative of maintaining homeostasis o short term basis; afterwards, endocrine system takes the responsibility of responding change in the internal milieu. Homeostatic system functions following the "feedback mechanisms". Although, negative feedback system is utilized most of the time but in a limited number of situations positive feedback also gets itself involved (Wikipedia 2007; Biology Online). All feedback systems work in a systematic and well organized way, the major components of a feedback systems are: Sensors; Signal transmitters; Control center and Effectors. Sensors are directly involved in the situation, which disturb the internal environment of the body they relay signals to the central

International Sales Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Sales Contracts - Essay Example Contract of sale is explicit and aid in deciding the issues, there are circumstances where the intention of the parties do matter apart from the legal terms forming part of the contract of sale. However as has been pointed out by Lord Wright in Ross T Smyth and Co Ltd Bailey, Son and Co1 the intention of the parties cannot be subjected to any proof; rather the intentions can be ascertained â€Å"from the terms of the contract, the conduct of the parties and the circumstances of the case.† This paper brings out the implications of the observations of Lord Wright about the intentions of the parties to a contract of sale with regard to the FOB and CIF contracts and also the improvements if any brought about by section 20A newly introduced by the Sale of Goods (Amendment) Act 1995 on the position of the CIF buyer of bulk goods. According to the basic principle in the law relating to the contract of sale, all the terms of the contract depends entirely on the intention of the parties to the contract. Though this situation is true in a number of cases this position is usually forgotten by the parties involved. However such intentions cover even the terms governing the time at which the title and risk pass to the buyer. Hence it can be stated that only under the circumstances where the intention of the parties is not clear or if the agreement between them is silent the law relating to the sale of goods provides the missing terms to conclude the contract or settle the dispute if any. This position of importance given to the intention of the parties in a contract of sale is recognized even by the common law statutes and the civil codes. Under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, the ‘intention of the parties’ has been referred to in a number of instances. Under section 10 the phrases â€Å"unless a different intention appears from the terms of the contract† are being used. Sections 17(1), 18 and 20 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 also have used the intention of the parties.

Educational Enquiry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Educational Enquiry - Assignment Example The outcome so far has been disappointing, though it may be that cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists will soon produce something finer.†Hargreaves argues current educational research is neither adequately cumulative nor relevant to teachers’ practical concerns for it to initiate the contribution required. He draws a contrast between the role of research in education, and role to the practice of medicine by means of evidence based medicine as a model. He claims few teachers use psychology, sociology, philosophy, and history. This makes the teachers work more effective (Reynolds & Trinder, 1997, pg 56) Hargreaves is not very explicit about the form he believes educational research should take. He is neglective of strict methodological problems that are faced by educational researchers. He seems to view the procedure of developing cumulative knowledge about the outcome of different pedagogical methods directly. The use of a standard in judging current educational re search that assumes direct and instrumental form of the relationship. Hargreaves argues educational research has failed to provide practitioners with the required knowledge about pedagogical strategies work, and those that do not ensure competence of the practitioner; he claims that it is not only terms of practical skills but familiarity with practice relevant to the research. While Hammersley points out that it is the language Hargreaves uses implies a commitment to a method that many would deem positivist that it values research that emulates the scientific approach.Hammersley challenges the assumption by arguing this type of evidence is effective in improving practice on the basis that scientific methods, and... This essay approves that the goals of learning in a social constructive perspective differ, and learning is characterized by the subjective reconstruction of society means, and models by carrying out negotiations of meaning in social interaction. Its focus is on interaction within the local setting because they are viewed as automatically related. It is noted that neither an individual learner’s activity nor the local micro culture can be understood without the consideration of the other. These changes the research that is learning compared with a cognitive constructionist research.Constructionism is associated with qualitative data where as sociocultural approaches the original data collection is qualitative because the focal point is on interactions, and dynamic. Learning opportunities arise but research is done on experiences and changes entailed. Many social cultural studies focus on learning as a transformation of identity to forefront the personal characteristics, and ha ve little to say about the system. This report makes a conclusion that learning technology research is presently dominated by a paradigm that divides the research into two types qualitative, and quantitative. The division is normal science in learning, and has provided an agreement that has permitted researchers to shun disagreements over fundamentals, and an outline for standard research training. The standard structure is under pressure from developing research methods that are relevant to learning. Educational research fails to supply a cumulated body of concrete knowledge about the effectiveness, and efficiency of different methods. May be paradigm could finally be resolved in the natural sciences, because the outcome of research was unreliable.

Endangered Species Essay Example for Free

Endangered Species Essay There are currently only 30 individual Amur leopards left in the world, the hawksbill turtle has been deemed â€Å"critically endangered†, the black-footed ferret who was once thought to be globally extinct has only a population of 1000, the black rhino was said to be â€Å"doomed to disappear from the face of the earth† in 1961, and the Saola deer has an estimated population of a few hundred at a maximum, or possibly only a few dozen at a minimum. There are many more animals who are endangered, some who are even worse off than the ones I mentioned. If we continue to abuse our power and ignore the plight of these endangered species, one day even common animals like cows or frogs will be hard to come by. These beautiful creatures are extremely important to our eco-system and food-chain and need desperately to be preserved. If we continue to refuse to acknowledge this and disregard the issue intentionally, our ecosystems will begin to collapse and we will no longer have the variety we currently do of food, medicine, animals and thousands of products will not be available to us because so many companies use materials that contain animal by-products. Also, I will give you more insight on what it means to be endangered as well as give some examples of animals who are. Firstly, we ask the question â€Å"How does the loss of animal species impact ecosystems?† There are several factors that play a role in this. All animal and plant life is part of a complex ecosystem that includes our lands and waters. Remove one or more of these parts and you damage the entire environment, sometimes beyond restoration. These ecosystems provide clean water, breathable air, fertile soils, climate control, food, medicine, energy, building materials, transportation, as well as recreational and spiritual uses. An example of an ecosystem that is suffering from a loss of biodiversity is the ocean ecosystem. It is predicted that by 2050, all species of wild seafood that are currently being fished could be collapsed, which is defined as 90% depleted. If these species collapse it would not only affect humans but other ocean species that depend on these fish as a food source. Ecological collapses like this are very serious and often cannot be fixed once destroyed without enormous amounts of effort, or not at  all. Destructive human activities have increased the rate of species extinction for 100 to 1000 times the natural rate studies done by the WWF show. According to the US fish and wildlife service, 415 species in the United States are endangered at the moment and 164 are threatened. As well, they tallied that 541 species in other countries are endangered and 50 are immediately threatened. These numbers are much too high. This loss of species will affect our ecosystem’s stability and put our entire way of life off balance, as the animals run out of resources, so will we. Moreover, this lack of biodiversity affects many aspects of our own lives, the four most affected areas are our food sources, our medicine supply, our diversity in animal species and the variety of available products. The effect on our food source is obvious. No more cows, no more BigMacs. More so than that though, even our fruits and vegetables are being affected, there are many things needed to have healthy crops, one thing is good soil for example. Worms are needed to enrich the soil and add essential nutrients to it that help plants grow. Worms are part of an intricate food-chain that is connected to humans. Even those junk foods that seem to have nothing natural in them actually do. Nearly everything at some point was a plant or an animal, it’s a cycle. Our medicines are also made from plants, especially in certain cultures. A few medicines created from plants are the bark of a white willow, which contains acetyl salicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin. It has been used for pain relief for 2,000 years. Galantamine hydrobromide, a compound derived from daffodil bulbs, is being used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Digitalis has been used since the 16th century to treat heart disease and its derivatives are still used in modern medicine, this comes from foxglove. For the third point, even farm animal diversity is declining as accelerating species loss threatens humanity. â€Å"The accelerating disappearance of Earths species of both wild and domesticated plants and animals constitutes a fundamental threat to the well-being and even the survival of humankind†, warns the founding Chair of a new global organization created to narrow the gulf between leading international biodiversity scientists and national policy-makers. Dr. Zakri, a national of Malaysia who co-chaired 2005s landmark Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and serves also as science advisor to his countrys prime minister, cited  fast-growing evidence that we are hurtling towards irreversible environmental tipping points that, once passed, would reduce the ability of ecosystems to provide essential goods and services to humankind. Some scientists have termed this the sixth great extinction episode in Earths history, according to Dr. Zakri, noting that the loss of biodiversity is happening faster and everywhere, even among farm animals. Lastly, do you think your home is free of items that have been tested on animals and contain animal by-products? You would be surprised how many companies make their merchandise like this, using these harsh techniques. A few items I’ve found to use these techniques are Jell-O, Windex, Trojan condoms, post-it notes, mars candy bars, Band-Aids, Kleenex, Iams pet food and Vaseline. These animals can’t do a thing to better their situation. They are becoming more and more endangered, threatened and vulnerable each day, do you know what that means? To be endangered means to be threatened with a danger or by extinction. To threaten means to utter a threat against, to be a menace or source of danger to, to offer a punishment to by way of a threat, to give an ominous indication of, or indicate impending evil or mischief. Endanger is also a synonym of threaten. Lastly, the definition of vulnerable is; capable of or susceptible to being wounded or hurt, as by a weapon, open to moral attack, criticism, temptation, etcetera, open to assault; difficult to defend, or exposed to disease, disaster, or attack. We have placed hundreds of thousands of animals in a position where they are any one of those three things or worse, extinct. Meaning no longer in existence; that has ended or died out. Like the thylacine, the pig-footed bandicoot, the Steller’s sea cow, the tule shrew, the Malagasy hippopotamus, the Portuguese ibex, the Hokkaido wolf, the Syrian wild ass, as well as multitudes more. We, in a large part, are responsible for these disappearances, for the deaths of the innocent. We invade this pristine world, claiming it as our own simply by our presence. We slaughter innocent animals for their hides and their flesh. We devastate the landscape and gouge out the earth to build our monuments to vanity. Yet, still, we have the audacity to wake up in the morning and  complain about it all. Humans are a vain and horrendous species when it comes down to it, and some days, I’m ashamed to be a part of it. It’s time to clean up the mess we’ve made, time to stop ignoring everything, and time to start preserving the earth and its inhabitants, all of them, the way it should’ve been since the beginning.

Gender Differences in Human Development

Gender Differences in Human Development Yaqin Albirawi Abstract This paper explores the discoveries concerning gender differences in human development. All research framework has been gathered from reliable sources that base their data on statistics and scientific findings. The main objective of this report is to indicate how males and females tend to differ greatly in their brain, cognitive, social-emotional, and moral development. Brain differences across genders occur as early as prior to birth, for male fetuses have a thicker right hemisphere as female fetuses. Scientists have also discovered male brains to be generally larger, but less symmetrical than female brains. In the very first days of life, a girl’s left hemisphere responds quicker to verbal sounds. In addition, even later in life, verbal IQ tests point out that girls are at a more verbal advantage, whereas boys are more skilled in visual and spatial abilities. Many believe this superiority is associated with levels of testosterone, a hormone known to be found in higher levels in males. Hormones found in men and women also have a great impact on their social-emotional development. Females are thought to be more emotional than men, however, males are as emotional. To be more accurate, each sex tends to process mental states in a different manner. Lastly, this report will cover how rules incorporated in a boys’ and girls’ games affect their moral reasoning later in life, causing boys to lean towards law and justice while girls leaning towards empathy and relations. For further research, this subject matter aims to call into question the methods of how individuals may parent, educate, and support their children using advantages their daughter or son’s brain may provide in order to succeed in their present environment. Introduction Amidst the advancement of today’s technological innovations, researchers around the world were able to reveal nearly 100 major differences between male and female brains (Jantz, 2014, p. 2). Acknowledging these differences may â€Å"help you to understand how to best use the advantages your brain provides, what to be aware of around the disadvantages, and how to make changes that will enhance your ability to succeed in your present environment† (O’Brien, 2007, p. 4). Gender differences can be tremendously visible and viewed from various points, however, the discoveries encountered exceed past what the eye can see. Having said that, males and females tend to differ greatly in their brain, cognitive, social-emotional, and moral development. Gender Differences in Brain Development The brain of males and females differs in its structure, function and the method of processing information. These differences initiate prior to birth, for male and female brains distribute tasks to each hemisphere in a dissimilar arrangement (Jantz, 2014, p. 2). Considering this information, research has revealed that boys lean towards having a thicker right hemisphere as early as they are fetuses (Eliot, 1999, p. 434). The most evident dissimilarity found in the brain across genders is the overall size. Generally, the human brain tends to be 8% larger in males than females (Eliot, 1999, pp. 431-432), nonetheless, females have a noticeably larger hippocampus and splenium of the corpus callosum (Jantz, 2014, p. 2) (Eliot, 1999, p. 432). White and grey matter, tissues of the brain and spinal cord, are also used in different amounts across genders; male brains apply seven times more gray matter in their activities, whereas female brains make use of approximately ten times more white mat ter, which is due to more blood flow in female brains (Jantz, 2014, pp. 1-2). Although identical in makeup, the level of neurochemicals managed in human brains varies between sexes as well (Jantz, 2014, p. 1). It is also said to be that women’s brains are more symmetrical than men’s (Eliot, 1999, p. 432). Correspondingly, women tend to be at an advantage when it comes to linguistic skills because although verbal centers are commonly found in the left hemisphere, women generally have them on the right hemisphere as well (Jantz, 2014, p. 2). This cognitive ability, alongside others, is stated to be due to the dissimilar process in which the brains of men and women are wired. Gender Differences in Cognitive Development Owing to the fact that the sequence of development of the various brain regions differs in males and females, this aspect also affects various points related to cognitive development. In the initial days after birth, a girl’s left hemisphere is quicker to respond to verbal sounds than a boy’s (Eliot, 1999, p. 434). Later in life, women continue to clinch on to this quick response as they are quicker at alternating between tasks (Jantz, 2014, p. 1). Assessments have shown that females tend to attain a higher level in matching items and recalling details after reading paragraphs and stories better than males do (Kimura, 1999, p. 2). Additionally, verbal IQ tests indicate that girls are expected to be more advanced in linguistic abilities, whereas boys are more advantageous when it comes to visual and spatial tasks, such as mental rotation, navigation, mathematics, and science (Eliot, 1999, p. 430). Given these spatial and strengthened motor skills, men throughout evolutio n were chosen to hunt animals successfully as women spent most of their time nursing and caring for their children, thus enhancing their linguistic skills (Eliot, 1999, p. 431). Females may also excel in this field because they have more operative communication between both hemispheres, this enables them to involve both sides of their brain to the same degree for many types of activities (Eliot, 1999, p. 432). Visual-spatial coordination is increased in boys through their engagement in activities, such as pushing trucks around and kicking soccer balls. Whereas playing with dolls increases a girl’s verbal skills through social interaction sorts of pretense play (Eliot, 1999, p. 433). However, the causes of these differences in cognitive development do not end here. Visual-spatial abilities are also associated with levels of testosterone found in each sex. Poor ability is caused by very high or low levels of testosterone. Therefore, women with high testosterone levels and men w ith low testosterone levels do best on tests linked with visual-spatial abilities. This phase occurs in women before their ovulation, whereas it arises in men during the spring (Wade, n.d., p. 4). These testosterone levels and the abilities covered may not only demonstrate a difference in cognitive development, but also provide purpose to how one deals with society and emotions surrounding their environment. Gender Differences in Social-Emotional Development An evident gender difference recognized by many societies around the world is the social-emotional developmental aspect in both men and women. Many believe that females tend to be more emotional than males, however, studies have discovered that emotional instability not only occurs in women, but also in men at equivalent levels (Wade, n.d., p. 4). Given that girls are more verbally emotive and use the right and left hemispheres of their brains when reacting to emotional events, they are capable of describing their feelings at a more advanced level than boys, giving them an impression of being more sensitive (McBride, n.d., p. 3) (O’Brien, 2007, p. 3). On the other hand, throughout the process of analyzing emotive memory, men may unintentionally move on to other tasks that are unlinked to feelings, making it seem as though they are avoiding their emotions (Jantz, 2014, p. 2). Relating back to an earlier topic, male and female bodies contain the same hormones, but in different a mounts. That being said, men have more amounts of androgens while women have more amounts of estrogen hormones (Wade, n.d., p. 2). Relatively, women’s moods and choice of partners relates to hormones that manage their menstrual cycles (Wade, n.d., p. 4). Women with high estrogen levels have a tendency to be involved in peaceful relationships and upholding connections. Serotonin, a neurochemical that is responsible for one’s sense of calmness, desires and aggression levels, is discovered to be 30% more present in women than in men, which may also contribute to the peaceful relations some women may maintain (O’Brien, 2007, p. 4). However, aggression and sex drive are due to testosterone, an androgen hormone, which is found higher in level in men (Wade, n.d., p. 3). Testosterone in a teenage boy’s body also causes him the desire to be left alone and reduce any type of social activity, with the exception of sex and sports (O’Brien, 2007, p. 1). Due to how males process testosterone, they tend to be more impulsive, competitive, aggressive, and need different methods than girls to relief stress (Jantz, 2014, p. 2). However, statistics have also presented that women tend to be four times more anxious than men (O’Brien, 2007, p. 3). Therefore, when faced with anxiety, stress or fear, women tend to stick together by maintaining their social connection as a way of sponsoring a sense of safety (O’Brien, 2007, p. 1). As indicated, many of these social-emotional points are noted to be commonly different across women and men due to convincing developmental causes. Gender Differences in Moral Development One development difference that may not be as noticeable as the preceding matter is females and males’ moral reasoning. Kohlberg’s moral development theory states that moral reasoning is concerned with justice and consists of six developmental stages that are placed into three levels: pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality (HHG notes, 2014). By means of this theory, women are unlikely to be present at the sixth stage, generally fixed in stage three, where a person’s moral reasoning is governed by pleasing others in the society. During childhood, games played by males usually contain rules, which lead them to be more concerned with authorized rules and reasonable techniques when resolving any arguments and fights in the future. As for girls, it is more probable for them to end a game rather than continue it, for their relationships are more important to them. Unlike men and their rules, women base their moral reasoning and resolve moral dilemmas by relating their problems to their relation with the person, and giving thought to who will be least hurt in the process (Travis, 1982, p. 1). Correspondingly, Carol Gilligan, another theorists, states that females may reflect upon care, relationships, and connections, rather than justice and law, in their moral reasoning when faced with a moral dilemma (Donenberg Hoffman, 1988, p. 1). Gilligan found that women are placed at a lower level on Kohlberg’s scale than men because they put themselves in the place of the other person and account for the relation they have with that individual. On the other hand, men place higher because they detach themselves from society, making the process of relating to the dilemma that much easier (Donenberg Hoffman, 1988, p. 2). This is further proved when relating moral thinking to sexual behaviour and the outcome of it. For example, research states that when having sex, women think about the aftermath while men focu s on the activity itself. One may be able to indicate that females tend to believe that social hierarchies will ruin relationships, while males believe it will build them (McBride, n.d., p. 3). As a result, men and women seem to grow unalike when approaching a moral dilemma. Conclusion As with every other aspect of human development, researchers have proven many concrete and perceived differences across genders provided by variances found in their brain, cognitive, social-emotional, and moral development. The structure, function, and method of processing information are three of the many dissimilarities found in brains of men and women. On account of these differences, numerous cognitive ability variances, such as verbal skills favouring women and motor skills favouring men, arise. In addition, this verbal superiority reasons why many individuals believe that women tend to have an edge over men when regarding self-awareness, emotions, and empathy toward others. Consequently, unlike men, rather than forming their reasons by referring to the law, women tend to reflect upon social relations and connections. Therefore, â€Å"understanding gender differences from a neurological perspective not only opens the door to greater appreciation of the different genders, it als o calls into question how we parent, educate, and support our children from a young age† (Jantz, 2014, p. 2). References Donenberg, G. R. Hoffman, L. W. (1988). Gender differences in moral development. Sex Roles, Vol. 18. Retrieved from http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/45582/11199_2004_Article_BF00288055.pdf?sequence=1 Eliot, L. (1999). What’s going on in there? How the brain and mind develop in the first five years of life. United States: Bantam Books. Jantz, G. L. (2014, February 27). Brain differences between genders. Psychology Today. Retrieved from www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hope-relationships/201402/brain-differences-between-genders Kimura, D. (1999). Sex differences in the brain. Scientific America. Retrieved from http://www.ucd.ie/artspgs/langimp/genderbrain.pdf McBride, W. (n.d.). Boys will be boys, girls will be girls. Center for Recruitment and Retention of Mathematics Teachers. Retrieved from http://crr.math.arizona.edu/GenderKeynote.pdf O’Brien, G. (2007, Fall). Understanding ourselves: Gender differences in the brain. Columbia Consultancy. Retrieved from http://www.columbiaconsult.com/pubs/v52_fall07.html Travis, C. (1982, May 2). Women and men and morality. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/02/books/women-and-men-and-morality.html Wade, L. (n.d.). The new science of sex differences. WordPress. Retrieved from http://lisawadedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/wade-forthcoming-the-new-science-of-sex-differences.pdf

Antigone :: essays papers

Antigone3 Often in plays, there are conflicting issues. This is what creates the storyline, or plot. Usually, each play has an antagonist and a protagonist. A protagonist is the main driving force in the play, whereas the antagonist the force that goes against the protagonist. Deciding who is the protagonist and who is the antagonist are really matters of opinion. In the play, "Antigone" by Sophocles, there are different opinions about who is the protagonist and who is the antagonist. In "Antigone," Creon and Antigone have distinct conflicting values. Creon's regard for the laws of the city causes him to abandon all other beliefs. He feels that all should obey the laws set forth by him, even if other beliefs, moral or religious, state otherwise. Antigone, on the other hand, reveres the beliefs of the gods. She feels that the laws of the gods should be obeyed above all others, especially when in respect to family. Creon has a very strong opinion about the laws of the city and the laws passed by him. His method of enforcing them is very strict. In "Antigone," Creon orders that Polynices, Antigone's brother, will not be buried because of his dishonor towards Thebes. Furthermore, if anyone is caught burying him, they will be killed for disobeying his order. Polynices is being punished because he attacked Thebes and betrayed Creon and the people of Thebes. Creon says "Remember this: our country is our safely. Only when the voyages true on course can we establi sh friendships, truer than blood itself." (Antigone 210-213) Creon's harsh punishment on those who disobey the law makes many fear him and dare not to go against him. One example is Ismene's regard for Creon's laws. She tries to talk her sister out of burying her brother because of what could happen to her if Creon found out that she went against him. Ismene says, "I'm forced, I have no choice-I must obey the ones who stand in power." (Antigone 78-79) Not only do the people of Thebes obey the laws of the city because of their fear but because it is a shame to dishonor the king. To go against the king's claim and dishonor the law is to die a more shameful death than Antigone's mother and father.

Ethics and Law in the Field of Counseling Essay -- Ethical, Profession

Ethics is the judgement and the moral actions used in interactions with cultures and society and its focus is on the client well-being. Ethics is defined by Remley and Herlihy (2010) in the counseling field as â€Å"professional behavioral and interactions† (p.4). Counselors do rely and are guide by Codes of Ethics. The role and relevance of the ethical principals, the ACA and AMHCA Code of Ethics are the base of the counseling profession. Without them this career would not have a guide on how the professionals should act and react professionally in all the different situations that are faced in this field. However, there are some cases that professionals have to rely on the Law. The Law is different from moral principles and Code of Ethics and its focus is on the legal perspective to protect the professional. The Law is defined by Remley and Herlihy (2010) as â€Å"general or specific regarding both what is required and what is allowed of individuals who from a governmental entity† (p.4). One major example is the Tarasoff and the Duty to Protect which is a law that was created after the case that happened with a university student, Tatiana Tarasoff and her boyfriend. Tarasoff’s parents sue the psychotherapists alleging that the professionals should have warned the student. Because of this case, the law raised a major concern that the confidentiality that professionals should follow according to the ACA and AMHCA Code of Ethics has to be broken when there is an issue that can affect a third party in the situation. Like the AMHCA refers to confidentiality as â€Å"a rig ht granted to all clients of mental health counseling services. From the onset of the counseling relationship, mental health counselors inform clients of these rights inclu... .... Also following a guideline pointed by Saddler (1986 -retrive from Forester-Miller, H., & Davis, T., 1996) counselors should apply the three test in their practice. The test of justice which determines if you would treat others the same in this situation, the publicity test, if you would want your behavior to be known and reported to the public, and the test of universality to ask yourself if you would administer the same action to another counselor in the same situation. With that in mind the professional has to believe that after all of this is achieved the professional is capable to perform the career with an outstanding background and knowledge on how and when to act and perform the social and personal changes that relies on the profession and always having in mind what is more beneficial to the patient in resolving and responding to their ethical conflicts.

The Global Warming Conflict: USA vs. Other Countries Essay -- Environm

The Global Warming Conflict: USA vs. Other Countries In my paper, I plan to explain why the United States and other nations cannot get along when it comes to environmental issues. I plan to break up the paper into three sections that contains what global warming is and how it affects the world, the United States problems and conflicts with other counties about this subject, and my own conclusion based on the information I have found. Global warming is a serious issue in today?s society. World powers such as the United States, Japan, Canada, and Australia can usually see eye to eye with each other about global warming. Other countries, either less developed or more climate aware, do not agree with the countries that are more industrial, because they want strict regulations on air pollution that the more developed countries do not want. The more industrialized countries complain because they say that in order to keep the world going at a safe and orderly pace, they cannot have a change the lifestyle that we are used to today. Both sets of countries know that the amount of greenhouse gasses need to be lightened, but cannot come up with a viable solution. In order to understand what the countries are talking about, one would have to know why the earth is warming and what exactly is causing it. Greenhouse gasses are what is causing the earth to retain more heat. Greenhouse gasses ?that have increased over the industrial period are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), and chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11.? (2-453) The increase in these gases has caused global warming and it continues to rise today. Factory smoke stacks, car emissions, forests burning, and energy usage that burn fossil fuels produce the highest percentage of the gasses that harm the Earth and continue our warming trend. (5-1) For example, the United States, for the nine month period of January to November 2000, ?had the warmest nine month period since records began in 1895.? because we use the most fossil fuels and put out the most greenhouse gasses (6-1). This was all caused by the growing industrial age that we live in today. Why do greenhouse gases produce global warming? ?Infrared active gases (IR), principally water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ozone (O3), naturally present in the Earth?s atmosphere, absorb thermal IR radiation emitted by the Earth?s sur... ...hat take and do not give. We should do our part in conserving energy, using less fossil fuels, regulating standards for factory emissions, and use better public transportation or the world will keep diminishing slowly. Works Cited 1. Horner, Chris. ?Scientists Continue To Assail Climate Treaty.? http://www.globalwarming.org/cop6horner.htm 2. Fellows, Hall, Killeen, Ledley, Schwartz, Sundquist. ?Climate Change and Greenhouse Gasses? Vol. 80, No. 39. 28 September 1999 p. 453- 475 http://www.agu.org/eos_elec?99148e.html 3. Fuller, Jim. ?Ministers Unable to Reach Agreement at Climate Change Conference? 25 November 2000. Http://globalchange.gov/news/hague_conference_2000_11_25.html 4. Johnson, Kirk. ?Global Warming Moves From Impassioned Words to Modest Deeds.? New York Times 19 November 2000 http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/19/science/19CLIM.html 5. Revkin, Andrew C. ?Effort to Cut Warming Lacks Time and Unity.? New York Times 24 November 2000 http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/24/science/24CLIM.html 6. Zengerle, Patricia. ?World Powers Trade Charges on Climate Talks? Failure? 26 November 2000 http://dialynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20001126/ts/environment_climate_dc_28.html

Only the Good Die Young

Portia Francis Comp & Literature Feb 11, 2013 â€Å"Only the Good Die Young† vs. â€Å"Make Much of Time† The tone in â€Å"Only the Good Die Young† and â€Å"Make Much of Time â€Å"are very different. Both the song and the poem speak of men tempting women to lose their virginity and â€Å"carpe diem† live life to the fullest, â€Å"Make Much of time† has a much softer tone, versus , â€Å"Only the Good Die Young† has a much more aggressive one. In â€Å"Make Much of Time† the writer, although a â€Å"carpe diem† poem takes a much gentler approach to the women he is encouraging.Herrick refers to us, â€Å"Gather ye roses while she may† to show that in the 1500’-1600s women married much earlier and time was of the essence. He uses phrases ,like â€Å" this same flower that blooms today will soon be dying, †and â€Å"when youth and blood are warmer† to support his idea that women should not wait unti l they are older and choose to marry and ultimately give up their virginity. He speaks â€Å"having once lost your prime† to support his tone to women.. Herrick, in my opinion, is encouraging young women to marry before they are too old, which is relatively young but not missing out on the most important thing in their life..He uses words like â€Å" Rosebuds† and â€Å"smiles today† and having â€Å"lost but once your prime† to create a more gentle tone. On the other hand Billy Joel writes a â€Å"more in your face â€Å" carpe diem poem. He sites â€Å"Don’t let me wait, Catholic girls start much too late†. He seems to be putting on the pressure with the young women and pointing the finger to the reasons why. He seems to be more concerned with his personal satisfaction† after speaking of her, â€Å"Brand new soul† and â€Å"Cross of gold† after her confirmation, â€Å"But did she ever say pray for me? To me, this ind icates that he knew his thoughts were lustful and in a round–bout way, he acknowledged his feelings and wanted resolution. The songs title lends to his aggressiveness â€Å" Only the Good Die Young†, because no woman is going to die if she doesn’t give up her virginity. Lastly, the in in the song â€Å" And they say there’s a heaven for those who wait. Some say its better but I say it ain’t. † Seals the deal that he main concern is his own satisfaction and again attempts to inflict the guilt on the young woman who would not immediately please him.

Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Program Paper

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings. Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's  signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Dwayne Wilson Individual Assignment MKT 421 Dwayne Wilson 11/01/2011 Terry Booker Marketing definitions Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Approved October 2007) 1: the act or process of selling or purchasing in a market b: the process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service 2: an aggregate of functions involved in moving goods from producer to consumer At its base, marketing is about the strategies and tactics you use to identify and cultivate the market for your products/services – so it would seem to be pretty important to overall organizational success. Personal definiti on My personal definition of marketing is where the producer attempts to discover a way for the consumer to agree to purchase their product. An exchange (if you will) of product for money. The Importance of Marketing in Organizational Success The degree of importance is arguable based on the industry, but I can't think of any business that can survive without giving some thought to the way in which they grow demand for what they're selling. In many businesses, marketing needs to be a core concern, and often the overriding concern when it comes to running a successful business. The importance of marketing in organization success is the competition that might occur, challenge, team player, co-operation, confidence, big thinking, and self-esteem. Marketing means the organizations needs to reach for certain goal to complete their organization To describe the importance of marketing, one need not look further than this quote from Regis McKenna, â€Å"Marketing is everything, and everything is marketing. † Everyone is exposed to marketing daily, even when they don’t know it. Billboards surround the nation’s roads. Logos appear everywhere from t-shirts to the center field of the â€Å"Tostitos† Fiesta Bowl. When a teenager is begging his dad to use the family car, he is in fact, marketing himself to his father for the exchange of the keys. And that is what marketing is about, trying to create exchanges that satisfy and benefit both parties. No consumer can escape from marketing campaigns, and no business should be operating without a marketing plan to identify potential customers, meet their needs and wants, and keep them coming back for more. You will hear about the 4 â€Å"P’s† of the marketing mix which are the important elements of a marketing plan. How your future customers are identified and place between the cross-wires with marketing research and target marketing. To get a specific message to a specific customer, one must be familiar with direct marketing. Internet marketing is one of more recent trends that many organizations are looking at. Overall this section should help you learn about the importance for small businesses to implement marketing plans It is important for marketing efforts to be customer-oriented. When marketing a product or service, the organization must be certain that the product or service that they are providing is one that the customer wants. Quite often marketing efforts fail when the organization developed the product/service first, then tried to convince it’s customer to buy it. One of the greatest marketing flops of all time was when the Coca-Cola Company decided to change it’s formula in 1985 and introduced it as â€Å"New Coke. † It was a disaster. Sales of the New Coke were very low and the Coca-Cola Company was receiving many phone calls and letters from angry customers who demanded the old formula back. The Coca-Cola Company brought back the old formula two months later. Reintroduced as â€Å"Coca-Cola Classic,† it was sold along with New Coke and outsold it by two to one in supermarkets. The Coke case is a classic example of what happens when an organization fails to conduct proper marketing research. The key for a successful marketing effort is maintaining a level of customer satisfaction while at the same time, creating a profit for the organization. Profits must be made in order for the organization to continue to do business. Marketing is a concept that is always evolving. New definitions of marketing are being written daily. Marketing plans are an inessential component for all businesses. All businesses that are successful have followed a plan. Their success did not happen because of luck, it happened because the success was planned. A marketing plan helps establish, coordinate, and direct marketing efforts. It forces the organization to take a good, hard look at the market of your field and what is currently happening to it. It’s a time to establish marketing goals and objectives, which can be later used for benchmarking yourself. Marketing plans helps keep the organization on the right track by following the guidelines it sets. It is also critical when trying to borrow money. When an organization plans to allow you to borrow money or invest in your organization, they require to examine your business plan. The marketing plan is a critical part of the business plan. Marketing Plan Elements: Executive Summary: brief explanation of what the organization does, its mission statement, the management’s infrastructure, and a short summary about the marketing objectives and the proposed plan. * Current Marketing Situation: provides information about the current location, the target markets, and competitors in the market. * Competitor and Issue Analysis: a more detailed description about the competition. Also includes potential challenges that could arise in the future due to business issue. * Marketing Objectives: where the marketing goals and financial objectives are set. Objectives should be challenging, yet attainable for the organization. * Marketing Strategy: plan for meeting the marketing objectives. Incorporates the marketing mix. * Action Programs: an explanation of the different tasks of the marketing strategy. What will be done? When will it be done by? Who will do it? What will it cost? * Budget: A more detailed look at the cost of the proposed marketing activities. * Measurements: sets levels to measure if objectives are being met. Sets timeline to meet these measurable objectives. * Supportive Documents: references to support the marketing plan. Includes the marketing research report. * Controls: monitoring system for the marketing plan. Monthly or quarterly checklists to insure that the plan is operating effectively. Also included contingency plans. Plans of action in the event of a crisis. It is important to regularly update your marketing plan. The market changes almost by the hour. The first marketing plan you create probably will not be effective in the future. Sources http://www. marketingpower. com/AboutAMA/Pages/DefinitionofMarketing. aspx http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/marketing

Barangay Assenbly Minutes Essay

I. MINUTES OF THE BARANGAY ASSEMBLY Opening prayer was led by Purok President Charito Sombito. Thus, singing of Pambansang Awit was preceded. Punong Barangay Emelda J. Banguanga acknowledged the presence of P/Inps. Robert Dejucos of PS2, Lina Magbanua and party represented the City Mayor’s Office, Barangay 2m Scholars, ALS Learners, Purok Officials of 5 Puroks, concern citizens and Honorable Mona Dia Jardin. First presenter was Kagawad Noe M. Romero Sr., Chairman Committee on Peace and Order; he reported that from May to October 2012 the number of cases filed in the Barangay is 37 included the VAW-C cases. In drug related cases, about 15 persons apprehended from April to October 2012 based on the drug inventory receipt of property seized issued by the PDEA Operatives and CAIDSOTG. Barangay Kagawad Ramon E. Jamelo, Chairman Committee on Education and Infrastructure, reported that the Barangay has already had 27 Barangay Scholars enrolled at Bacolod City College which is a continuous program of the Barangay. 55 Preschoolers enrolled at the Barangay Day Care Center, about 50 out-of-school youth catered by the ALS program of the Barangay, and 10 scholars facilitated by the Barangay through the TESDA skill training program. He said that this program was designed to counter and eliminate one of the problems of the Barangay which is drugs. On the other hand, on the infrastructure and developmental projects, he enumerated some of the projects implemented such as the construction of footwalk at Purok Balinday and Purok Lampirong, declogging of drainage system at Purok Sigay, construction of artesian well at Purok Tahong, distribution of jetmatic pump (replacement) at 5 Puroks, and procurement of various electrical supplies distributed to 5 Puroks. Barangay Kagawad Ben Jake C. Barilla, Chairman Committee on Finance and Livelihood program reported the financial status of the Barangay from May to October 2012. See attached document for the financial report. And as for the livelihood program, he informed that about 35 indigent benefited the trisikad rent-to-own program of the Barangay. SK Chairman Lovely May O. Rile, Chairman Committee on Youth and Sports Development, reported the various activities implemented by the SK Council from April to October 2012. Some of them are the SK Socio-Cultural Presentation â€Å"Search for Miss SK 2012† which held last March 2012, SK Summer League 2012 last May 2012, Supported the Barangay Scholars for the payment of their tuition fees and ALS Program of the Barangay. SK Council also sponsors the procurement of t-shirt for the Senior Citizens of the Barangay during the celebration of the Barangay Day last March 2012. She also added that for the December activity, the SK Council planned to have an Inter-Purok Belen Making Contest and a Socio-Cultural Presentation â€Å"Search for Mr. SK 2012. Barangay Kagawad Victor D. Aliguin, Chairman Committee on Health, Sanitation and Social Services, reported his accomplishment report such as the conduct of bloodletting activity, nutrition month celebration, anti-rabies vaccination, procurement of medicines intended for indigent families, balik-MMR (9 mos. – 8 yrs.) (6 yrs – 14 yrs), garantisadong pambata (GP- 6 to 11 mos.) Vit.A (12 to 59 mos), distribution of micro-nutrients powder, weekly feeding program, brigada eskwela together with the Police Station 2 Personnel, anti-dengue campaign, pabasa sa nutrisyon program and attendance to various training seminars. Lastly Punong Barangay Emelda J. Banguanga reported some of the programs, projects and activities that had been delivered by the Barangay such as the effective implementation of Barangay Budget for 2012 which already reported by Kgd. Barilla, passage of Barangay Resolution approving the Annual Investment Plan of Barangay 2 for the year 2013, full support extended to the education program, livelihood program, health and social services program, infrastructure program and diversion program through socio-cultural activities, facilitated the 125 additional household targeted beneficiaries, procurement of various supplies and materials for Barangay.

Life unworthy of life: phobia and Mass murder in hitlers’ Germany

James M. Glass was known for his expertise in politics and psychology of illusion. Glass’ interests include political theory, philosophy, and political psychology. His current researches also include about the study of the psychological preconditions for engagement with civil society.This is the reason why he was able to come up with a written narrative regarding the historical background on the Nazi regime. As a result, the historical account that has been written by the particular author is a fine display of the history of the people of the time of Hitler.About the BookIn Hitler’s regime, it could be seen and imagined how hard the individual Jews struggled for their survival. If the situation would be compared to the present society today, it could be observed that the present society is already lucky it is   not experiencing what the Jews have   undergone during the those times.During the time of the German Nazi era, the rules and the code of the government were not merely implemented in good ways. The abusiveness of the power is a mere factor why so many Jewish people suffered the pains and agonies brought about by the regime.They were a part of a community that has freedom and will   to do whatever they wanted to do, but during that time racial discrimination made a big impact and easily affected the German Jews. Glass’ report on the said important account of the situation has mainly pointed out several important factors that contributed to the succession of the history towards the Nazi regime.THE ENLIGHTENMENT: ACTION AND REACTIONIn the time of Hitler’s Dynasty, some of the government officials do not know what the importance of life was. Killing for them is very easy and vigorous, and they did not consider it as a crime. However, today, the situation that happened before has mainly affected the views of the present society regarding their respect of life.This touching history enlightens the people on how they will respec t each other in different ways all over the world. It is a challenge to the people to always remember how the Jews faced the bitterness of political adversary, political error and abusiveness of power by the leader of the nation

Future of Biometrics in Network Security Term Paper

Future of Biometrics in Network Security - Term Paper Example This technology is more effective in authorizing and verifying identity of individuals within an organization. Nevertheless, adoption of this technology has been slowed by lack of adequate handling skills and that it is an expensive technology for many organizations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the future of the biometric system within the network security technology. By drawing facts from a wide range of resources, it is possible to identify the future of this technology in the future of network security. The Future of Biometrics in Network Security Introduction With the advent of technology, network security has become a crucial topic for every nation. Network refers to the connectivity between organization, individuals and even countries that allow people to access or be served by the resources that exist within these systems. Today, networks have become inevitable and at some point every person has interacted with a network within their daily operations. One ch aracteristic of a network is that it is sensitive due to the sensitivity of the resources that exist within, making it vulnerable to malicious attacks. For instance, cyber-criminals will attack bank networks to gain access to personal credentials that can help them to defraud the bank of its profits. Each day, organizations lose money, information and other vital resources to network intruders. The increase in network crime has sent security technologists to delve into more research to provide better security systems that can guarantee the safety within networks. Biometric technology is one of the security measures that is slowly becoming a necessity in network security. Biometric systems refer to gadgets that use any form of physiological or behavioral characteristics of human beings that can tapped to identify or verify the identity of a person within a network system. This is a new technology that is finding its way into the network security due to its high reliability and effici ency in identification and verification of human identity. Commonly, fingerprints, eye lids, facial expressions, eye blinks, and even blood are used to allow only authorized people to access network systems within organizations. As the level of crime continues to increase within business organizations, biometric technology is likely to proliferate and the future of network security largely depends on this technology. Today, security technologists engage in deep research to adopt more integrative biometric technology that will enhance security network within organizations in the world. Literature Review The history of network security is a long one and dates back right from the time networks were discovered. Daya (2010) points out that network security is inseparable with networks due to the sensitivity of networks in their area of use. A network is associated with a definite number of people, hence the need to limit access from members outside the network. The network contains organ ization information resources and secrets that are motivators for intruders who intend to use such resources to their leverage. For instance, the military network contains information regarding national matters that have to be safeguarded to ensure that the security of citizens is not compromised. Terrorist attackers have a great motivation to penetrate the military network to enhance their malicious missions. As Daya Points out, a network without

Smoking in Public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Smoking in Public - Essay Example This paper tells that even though banning public smoking risks edging out restaurant and bar operators from business, it remains a viable option to curbing the problem. Second-hand smoke has the potential of causing cancer. Considered as a cancer-causing agent, ACS categorizes it as a known human carcinogen. The smoke from tobacco is said to contain over 7,000 chemical compounds, 250 of which are known to be harmful and more than 69 said to cause cancer (Schneider 201). It has been specifically linked to lung cancer. Other than cancer, second-hand smoke has been noted to cause other diseases. Notably, this behavior propagates heart disease. Thus, public smoking makes innocent people incur avoidable medical expenses and the associated psychological trauma having a loved one suffer from these diseases. It strains public resources that would have otherwise been used to adequately cater for other illnesses. Ultimately, it causes the death of many loved ones leaving many people distraught and perhaps without any other source of income. American Cancer Society documents an estimated 3,400 deaths and another 46,000 deaths related to lung cancer and heart disease respectively resulting from the exposure of adults to second-hand smoke. Who would want to be involuntarily subjected to such diseases that cause premature deaths? I consider those with the behavior of public smoking as murderers who swiftly kill innocent members of the public with their smoke. Just like murder is acceptable behavior, public smoking is also unacceptable. Public smoking is an inhumane behavior that subjects even children to a harsh environment. As people smoke in public, even children get exposed to the second-hand smoke without their knowledge. ACS documents a set of many deadly diseases that could result from children being exposed to second-hand smoke including leukemia and throat (pharynx), voice box (throlarynx), bladder, brain, stomach, breast and rectum cancers. Since childhood is a stag e of development where humans learn by copying, these children could also acquire smoking habits, particularly public smoking tendencies. Wakefield et al. (322) observe that childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases tolerance of such children to tobacco smoke and consequently sensitize such children to adopt active smoking in their teenage by reducing first cigarette noxious deterrence. Such children grow up to be established smokers in their teenage and adulthood. With the World Health Organization, the global leader in health matters, acknowledging the devastating economic costs of smoking, public smoking, therefore, condemns such children to a future of a devastated financial life. It could also lead to the acquisition of secondary antisocial behaviors such as theft. Therefore, public smoking is antisocial behavior that imparts antisocial behavior on children. It risks the life of the future generation, not only literally, but also behaviorally. With all these n egative effects of public smoking, banning the behavior would be beneficial to the society in general.  

Professional Development Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Professional Development Plan - Research Paper Example In the academic setting, every good and realistic professional development plan must enable the person making it to meet the core goals of education. This involves the creation of important pointers and requirements that will be linked to the direct development of students (Porter, 2004). In other words, the professional development plan should aim at helping students to become responsible adults who can effectively apply the skills and topics that were taught to them by a good professional tutor. This paper is meant to design a Professional Development Plan for an educator who seeks to promote the personal and professional growth of a culturally diverse and academically diverse classroom. The paper will provide a step-by-step approach to the attainment of goals in important elements of the classroom environment. The areas of interest in this plan include: This project is designed to encourage personal growth and professional growth in an imaginary classroom. In this classroom, the main elements that are important and relevant to the design of the project goals and objectives are the academic diversity and the cultural diversity. Academic diversity is examined from two angles. First of all, the students studied from varied academic institutions and are now in a class where they are to be taught and developed according to a standardized set of principles. Secondly, the students are from a culturally diverse background. This means that they have different ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious affiliations. As such, there is a tendency for majority and minority issues that need to be resolved to ensure that teaching and study goes on in a very positive and effective manner. Due to the variations and differences in the backgrounds of the students that the plan is being devised for, there is the need for the goals to relate to

The Lottery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Lottery - Research Paper Example That is the main reason why the lottery happens every year although not everyone truly looks forward to it. This research paper takes a critical look at this story to establish how the writer uses imagery and other devices to communicate the central theme of the danger of blindly following customs. These exposes underlying backwardness and hypocrisy with which the administrative authority run its affairs (Hattenhauer, p.171). It goes further to draw comparisons and contrasts between Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Jane Glaspell’s â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† focusing on the main characters that are both females living in a male dominated and conservative societies. They symbolize change as they are the ones out to change how things happen by their actions and words. â€Å"The Lottery† The friendly tone that Jackson uses to write the story and the way that she describes the days’ events leading up to the lottery draw actually manages to initially hide the darkness that is actually represented by the lottery (Smith, p.170). No doubt that not a single person in the town ever looked forward to the lottery draws every year because nobody wants to end up being pelted to death with stones just because your name was drawn out of a box. Before we establish the kind of lottery to be done, the preliminary preparations does not depict any kind of violence to give the image of a typically organized society. The man in charge of the process is very shabby and carries a black box that has been used for a very long time without being replaced; this depicts this tradition as an old custom that has no place in the modern society. According to Smith (p.117), the lottery as a practice feeds the blood lust of the villagers and the hypocrisy of the practice. In fact, it could also represent a study of the human psyche that shows how nobody truly knows his neighbor and how mundane activities could actually hold an evil intention behind it. The event is organized in a very shambolic manner with pieces of paper used to write the residents’ name for selection purposes. These events were organized in order to connect with the gods and ancestors for favour of blessings and abundant harvests. The writer however punches holes in the exercise even saying that these people did not even have an idea why they were taking part. They preserve this archaic tradition because it was passed down generations but no factual explanation of when and how it was started. According to Showalter (p.411), the lottery practice in the town itself presents society’s weakness and their ties traditions that they continue to practice even though everyone has already forgotten why the tradition started in the first place. Never mind the fact that they continue to practice legalized murder just because the society is afraid of what might happen if they actually stop the practice of murdering a person from the town every year as an o ffering for an excellent harvest. I find it hard to believe that nobody in the town questioned the reason for the lottery and its outcome. Even harder to fathom is why the townspeople pretend to be excited by the lottery when it is not something that normal thinking people would look forward for annual participation (Duffield, p.62). It can't just truly be all about not wanting to ruffle any feathers when it came to townspeople participation in the event. Why would somebody be afraid of being rejected by their neighbors for not wanting to participate in a bloodbath year after year? No. This was a town that rejected change and the disruption of traditions for some reason. The lottery ends in murder committed annually in a very inhuman way; the