Friday, December 27, 2019
Hcs/440 Individual Essay - 755 Words
Economic Terms and Health Care History Amber Rainwater HCS/440 Economics: The History of Health Care February 26, 2012 Health Care History Throughout the history of the United States, the economics of the health care system has experienced many changes. There are many factors to consider that has been the drive behind many of the changes within the health care system. Medical and surgical technologies are some factors that relate to the changes in health care. Besides these factors, allocating sources to fund health care services has always been the most critical factor. One might consider the economic term supply and demand when looking at the history of health care economics and the primary funding source. Health care fundingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Funding health care is continuously changing. It involves payments going and receiving. Allocating resources that impact funding plays a big factor in how economists view health care funding. This includes the rising demand for quality and accessible health care. Economists use certain concepts to help better understand health care services and the determining factor in health care funding. One of the basic tools that economists use is elasticity and how the concept relates to health care funding. Generally elasticity can show the similarities and differences in a demand for a good or service. Elasticity provides a way to measure how sensitive supply and demand are the change in price. Economists can use this tool to predict what will happen to health care spending when prices shift. Also, economist use inelasticity to determine how the demands for health care services. Most medical care is relatively inelastic. Pain, critical needs, fear of uncertainty, and insurance tend to reduce the role of price in patient decision making. Most hospital face inelastic demand, especially for emergency services, yet they charge less than profit-maximizing prices Economists also look at the microeconomic market within the United States and how the market affects the overall funding of health care. Economists also use macroeconomics to how the changes in the economy as a whole affect the price and funding of health care and how the trends of the economyShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Economics and Timeline695 Words à |à 3 PagesHealth Care Economics and Timeline By: Morgan Pence HCS/440 Jonathan Foskett Due: May 9, 2016 Economics is described as the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind. The timeline of healthcare is very important because it helps to show what has happened and why the country is where it is today with the healthcare industry. It changes all the time so the timeline will always be changing and it is importantRead MoreHistory and Evolution of Health Care Economics Essay873 Words à |à 4 PagesHistory and Evolution of Health Care Economics Lauren Michaud HCS/440 Eric Oestmann August 12,2012 History and Evolution of Health Care Economics Healthcare economics has drastically changed over the years. It makes up for one sixth of American budget (Johnson, 2009). Health care economics has drastically changed partly due to new advances in technology over the years. Money is the factor of health care economics. Money drives economics and makes up health care and how far it can go. EconomicsRead MoreThe History and Evolution of Healthcare879 Words à |à 4 PagesThe History and Evolution Of Healthcare The History And Evolution Of Healthcare Jay Williams University Of Phoenix HCS/440 Health Care Economics Lena Lee Watson, RN, DHSc August 5, 2010 The History And Evolution Of Healthcare Intro I can remember as a little kid growing up in New York City what the highlight of my year was every year; it was getting to go down south for the summer. My grand parents had this huge oak tree in their front yard that I love to climb up. My grandmotherRead MoreEconomic Issues Simulation Paper1144 Words à |à 5 PagesEconomic Issues Simulation Paper Milagros Garcà a HCS/440 November 9th, 2011 Professor Larry Gonzales Health Care Plan Issues Todayââ¬â¢s workplace has expanded with a variety of men and women working for different businesses throughout the United States. The increase of working men and women has brought successful businesses to thrive and meet companyââ¬â¢s needs and goals. Employers offer hourly or salary wages to his or her employees and may also include benefits. Every business mustRead MoreHealth Care Expenditure1127 Words à |à 5 PagesChristina Calderon HCS 440 December 8, 2012 John Branner/ Instructor Healthcare Expenditure Healthcare in the United States can be a controversial issue and individualââ¬â¢s views differ from the policymakers. The controversial issue is some agree with the money being spent and some do not agree with the money being spent on Healthcare. This paper will be discussing to support of healthcare expenditure and how it is necessary for the American population. Current Level of National HealthcareRead MoreEconomic Issues Simulation1130 Words à |à 5 Pagesoffice visits. Castor Collins offers various different insurance plans which can be used to meet the needs of Constructit. The first plan is referred to as the Castor Standard plan. The Castor standard plan does not provide coverage for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions. Consequently, Constructit has a low margin of pre-existing medical conditions so the plan would work out in their favor. The estimated premium for this plan would be $3,428, which is slightly lower than theRead MoreEconomic Issues Simulation Paper1071 Words à |à 5 PagesIssues Simulation Paper HCS/440 January 23, 2012 Charles Sigmund Health care economics studies such issues as demand for medical care, pharmaceutical prices, competition among health care providers and insurers, and financing of health care services. Castor Collins has put together a plan which will help solve many issues facing the organization. The plan is built to maximize profit for the company and minimize the risk of poor choices provided to individuals who will cause the organizationRead MoreEconomic Issues Simulation Paper1116 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿ Economic Issues Simulation Paper HCS 440 ââ¬â Economics: The Financing of Health Care Economic Issues Simulation Paper Health care system has evolved tremendously in the last few years, with many changes with the health care laws including but not limited to Universal Health Care, many individuals have choices when it comes to their coverage. According to healthcare.gov, in January of 2015, an employer with 50 or more full time employees will have to make an Employer SharedRead MoreHealth Care Spending1149 Words à |à 5 PagesHealth Care Spending in the United States Lisa Patti HCS/440 April 23, 2012 Caryn Callahan Introduction Heath care in the United States is costly and confusing. Many do not follow the facts, policies or cost the government has controlled in health care. This leads to obtaining the incorrect insurance that causes high out of pocket expenses to choosing no health insurance at all. In todayââ¬â¢s society many cannot afford health insurance, in 2010 49.9 million people in the United States were withoutRead MoreHealth Care Spending1347 Words à |à 6 PagesHealth Care Spending HCS/440 Michellelina Coleman April 18, 2010 Katherine Iaconetti Health Care Spending Health care is a huge added player in the hat rides the Current national expenditure levels in the United States has more than tripled in the past decade, while the amount of Americans that can afford private health insurance has dropped and the number of people relying on Medicaid and Medicare has increased with the aging baby boomer generation. Medicaid and Medicare being two of
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Expanded Application of Gis/Gps - 778 Words
Expanded Application of GIS/GPS When I started my GEO 215 class I was quite unsure exactly what we would be talking about. First thing that came to mind was maps, then it was on different areas in the world, then how different cultures survive and adapt to different areas etc. So my mind began wondering down this Geography journey. So once I got the first assignment about the Expanded Application if GIS and GPS, I was stomped. So of course thats exactly where I started my research. First thing I looked up was what is GIS or Graphic Information Systems. A GIS combines visual data concerning information about shapes, sizes, and locations that can be analyzed (Wikipedia 2016). A GPS also known as global positioning system usesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦While physical geography is more about the study of the characteristics of physical environment. These two subfields are related and have major effect on each other. Human survival relies on air, water, and food. When natural disaste rs occur it can gave an effect on alot things like so have influences on climate, air, water and food . Natural Disasters have the power to shift land, take lives and change climates. Sometimes these natural disasters dont happen where there is mass civilization or technology. This is where the GIS and GPS comes into play. The satellites that orbit world catch all these natural disasters and climate change and the send the data over to the GIS and GPS who informed that maybe a climate change is heading out way or whatever. I think the GIS and GPS are amazing tools that should be implemented in everyones life. Now most phones have a GPS but not a GIS. So I believe the till itself should be solar powered just in case a natural disaster happen that didnt allow us to use wifi or even electricity. That year happen in the post my area were all the electricity was down for a week. Nothing worked including cell phones. I am currently going to school to become a social worker. I know plenty ways that the GPS could come in handy as far as going to different meetings and what not. But during a time of natural disaster I think we should be trained on how to survive doing our job without electronics. IShow MoreRelated WAL-MART Essay799 Words à |à 4 Pagescomputer system that updates the location status of the associated product. This procedure enables great efficiencies and cost reductions with respect to inventory management and control in a physical product environment, and also enables innovative applications in locating and tracking people and assets in a services environment. (Hagans, Andy, RFID Magazine) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This environment changed dramatically last June when Wal-Mart Stores announced that it would require its top 100Read MoreWhy Should We Use Gis? Essay2004 Words à |à 9 PagesWhy use GIS? Introduction The importance of location has been vital for people ever since the earliest civilisations; hunters and gatherers identified ideal locations for growing crops, later civilisations became territorial and selecting ideal settlement location based on a range of factors occurred. During the eighteenth century, European countries realised the importance of a nationwide, comprehensive mapping system of their land(Burrough et al., 2015). Alongside the advancement of technologyRead MoreSpatial Distribution of the Primary Health Care Facilities in Enugu State, Nigeria13204 Words à |à 53 PagesSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA (A GIS Approachà ) By Adewara Monsur Babalola thawben@gmail.com,monsurbabalola@yahoo.com Abstract The analytical capability of GIS has been explored in this work in an attempt to enhance the distribution of primary health care services in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria. With due consideration to the importance of health to the overall well being of every nation, the need for effective planning and management of theRead MorePast, Present Future Role of Computers in Fisheries13859 Words à |à 56 Pagesseveral computers, each dedicated to a specific computational task such as large scale simulations. We feel that because of improvements in computational performance and advances in portability and miniaturization, the use of computers and computer applications to support fisheries and resource management activities is still rapidly expanding as well as the diversity of research areas in which they are applied. The important role computers play in contemporary fisheries research is unequivocal. The trendsRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words à |à 960 PagesComputers Supercomputers 33 34 Key Types of Software 34 Applications Software 36 An Example of an Application Product Personal Productivity Software Support Software 37 38 41 The Operating System Language Translators 41 43 v vi Contents Third Generation Languages 43 Fourth Generation Languages Markup Languages 46 48 Object-Oriented Programming 49 Languages for Developing Web Applications Database Management Systems CASE Tools 51 52 54 Read MoreNucor8605 Words à |à 35 Pagesemployment to the citizens. AJ. Steel is one of the most widely used metals in our modern world, building everything from our homes to skyscrapers, roads, and bridge. Its versatility, durability, and strength make it a popular choice for many different applications and it is also an affordable and environmentally-friendly option for contractors all over the world. The main reason steel products are used so often in so many different ways is their adaptability and durability. Steel is easily one of the mostRead MoreInformation Technology Implementation Issues: an Analysis45771 Words à |à 184 Pagesbased systems can be ââ¬Å"made to work effectively, economically, and in the endââ¬âdeliver the expected benefitsâ⬠.15 In this case the issues were those which surround the cost to benefit ratios of specific ITs and were usually earmarked for singular applications or projects. While these issues are certainly very important they are not the be-all end-all of IT implementation. The bottom line remains that if you are unsure of what you want to do, and why you are doing it, then it really doesnââ¬â¢t matter howRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Samsung Mobile17504 Words à |à 71 Pagesstable supply of LCD panels for both manufacturers. S-LCD is owned by Samsung and Sony 51% to 49% respectively and operates its factories and facilities in Tangjung, South Korea. Considered a strong competitor by its rivals, Samsung Electronics expanded production dramatically to become the worlds largest manufacturer of DRAM chips, flash memory, optical storage drives and it aims to double sales and become the top manufacturer of 20 products globally by 2010. It is now one of the worlds leadingRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words à |à 308 Pagesvariety. There is a wonderful analogy to all this in the world of high technology. Behind the astounding proliferation of electronic systems, infiltrating our entertainment centers, our phones, our cares, and our kitchens, lies a technology called application-specific integrated circuits, or ASICs. These are tiny microprocessors that are producible in high volume up to the last layer, which is then designed by the customers to add the final veneer of personality needed for their specific product.Read MorePublic Fe Reference Handbook.Pdf46179 Words à |à 185 Pagespersonnel protection equipment (PPE), carcinogens] D. Bioprocessing (e.g., fermentation, waste treatment, digestion) Engineering Economics A. Cost estimating B. Project selection C. Lease/buy/make D. Replacement analysis (e.g., optimal economic life) Application of Engineering Mechanics A. Stability analysis of beams, trusses, and frames B. Deï ¬âection analysis C. Failure theory (e.g., static and dynamic) D. Failure analysis (e.g., creep, fatigue, fracture, buckling) Engineering of Materials A. Material properties
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Pros And Cons Euthanasia Essay Example For Students
Pros And Cons Euthanasia Essay EuthanasiaMark T. MaxwellAbstractThis paper will define Euthanasia and assisted suicide. Euthanasia is oftenconfused with and associated with assisted suicide, definitions of the two arerequired. Two perspectives shall be presented in this paper. The firstperspective will favor euthanasia or the right to die, the second perspectivewill favor antieuthanasia, or the right to live. Each perspective shallendeavor to clarify the legal, moral and ethical ramifications or aspects ofeuthanasia. Thesis StatementEuthanasia, also mercy killing, is the practice of ending a life so as torelease an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering. Euthanasia is a merciful means to and end of long-term suffering. Euthanasia isa relatively new dilemma for the United States and has gained a bad reputationfrom negative media hype surrounding assisted suicides. Euthanasia has apurpose and should be evaluated as humanely filling a void created by oursometimes inhumane modern society. Antithesis StatementEuthanasia is nothing less than cold-blooded killing. Euthanasia cheapens life,even more so than the very divisive issue of abortion. Euthanasia is morallyand ethically wrong and should be banned in these United States. Modernmedicine has evolved by leaps and bounds recently, euthanasia resets thesemedical advances back by years and reduces todays Medical Doctors toadministrators of death. Euthanasia definedThe term Euthanasia is used generally to refer to an easy or painlessdeath. Voluntary euthanasia involves a request by the dying patient or thatpersons legal representative. Passive or negative euthanasia involves notdoing something to prevent deaththat is, allowing someone to die; active orpositive euthanasia involves taking deliberate action to cause a death. Euthanasia is often mistaken or associated with for assisted suicide, adistant cousin of euthanasia, in which a person wishes to commit suicide butfeels unable to perform the act alone because of a physical disability or lackof knowledge about the most effective means. An individual who assists asuicide victim in accomplishing that goal may or may not be held responsible forthe death, depending on local laws. There is a distinct difference betweeneuthanasia and assisted suicide. This paper targets euthanasia; pros and cons,not assisted suicide. Thesis Argument That Euthanasia Should Be AcceptedWithout doubt, modern dying has become fearsome. Doctors now possessthe technologies and the skills to forestall natural death almost indefinitely. All too often, the terminally ill suffer needless pain and are kept alivewithout real hope, as families hold a harrowing deathwatch. In ancient Greece and Rome it was permissible in some situations to helpothers die. For example, the Greek writer Plutarch mentioned that in Sparta,infanticide was practiced on children who lacked health and vigor. BothSocrates and Plato sanctioned forms of euthanasia in certain cases. Voluntaryeuthanasia for the elderly was an approved custom in several ancient societies . Euthanasia has been accepted both legally and morally in various formsin many societies . There is no more profoundly personal decision, nor onewhich is closer to the heart of personal liberty, than the choice which aterminally ill person makes to end his or her suffering , U.S. DistrictJudge Barbara Rothstein wrote (R-1). Organizations supporting the legalizationof voluntary euthanasia were established in Great Britain in 1935 and in theUnited States in 1938. They have gained some public support, but so far theyhave been unable to achieve their goal in either nation. In the last fewdecades, Western laws against passive and voluntary euthanasia have slowly beeneased (1). The proeuthanasia, or right to die, movement has received considerableencouragement by the passage of laws in 40 states by 1990, which allow legallycompetent individuals to make living wills. These wills empower and instructdoctors to withhold life-support systems if the individuals become terminallyill . The deathmetal bands of today EssayThis is really one of the most fundamental abilities that a human being has todecide if he or she wants to die, says Meyer, who practiced radiology for 40years (R-1). Slightly more than half of the physicians surveyed in Washington Statewould approve the legalization of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasiaunder certain circumstances. A total of 938 physicians completed questionnairesabout their attitudes toward euthanasia and assisted suicide. Physician-assisted suicide was described as prescribing medication and providingcounseling to patients on overdosing to end their own lives. Euthanasia wasdefined as administering an overdose of medication at an ill patients request. Forty-two percent of physicians indicated that they found euthanasia ethicallyacceptable under some circumstances. Fifty-four percent indicated that theybelieved euthanasia should be legal under certain circumstances . Today, patients are entitled to opt for passive euthanasia; that is, tomake free and informed choices to refuse life support. The controversy overactive euthanasia, however, is likely to remain intense because of oppositionfrom religious groups and many members of the medical profession . The medical profession has generally been caught in the middle of thesocial controversies that rage over euthanasia. Government and religious groupsas well as the medical profession itself agree that doctors are not required touse extraordinary means to prolong the life of the terminally ill . The Second Chamber of the Dutch Parliment developed and approved thefollowing substantive and procedural guidelines, or points for Dutchphysicians to consider when practicing or administering Euthanasia:Substantive Guidelines(a) Euthanasia must be voluntary; the patients request must be seriously considered and enduring. (b) The patient must have adequate information about his or her medical condition, the prognosis, and alternative methods of treatment (though it is not required that the patient be terminally ill). (c) The patients suffering must be intolerable, in the patients view, and must also be irreversible. (d) There must be no reasonable alternatives for relieving the patients suffering that are acceptable to the patient. Procedural Guidelines(e) Euthanasia may be performed only by a physician (though a nurse may assist the physician). (f) The physician must consult with a second physician whose judgment can be expected to be independent. (g) The physician must exercise due care in reviewing and verifying the patients condition as well as in performing the euthanasiaprocedure itself. (h) The relatives must be informed unless the patient does not wish this. (i) There should be a written record of the case. (j) The case may not be reported as a natural death. (R-2). Having choices, including having the legal right for help to die iswhats important in preserving the basic democratic fabric of the United Statesof America. The issue of euthanasia is, by its very nature, a very difficultand private choice. Euthanasia should remain exactly that; a choice; a choicethat ought not be legislated or restricted by opposing forces or opinions. (R-1) Assisted suicide: Helping terminally ill, or quick fix for intolerant society? (Originated from Knight-Ridder Newspapers) by Patty Shillington Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service June 15 94 p0615(R-2) Report of the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association. (Transcript) v10 Issues in Law ; Medicine Summer 94 p81-90(R-3) Euthanasia, Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk Wagnalls Corporation. (R-4) Report of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association. (Transcript) v10 Issues in Law ; Medicine Summer 94 p91-97(R-5) The New England Journal of Medicine July 14 94 p89(6)(R-6) Death on trial: the case of Dr. Kevorkian obscures critical issues and dangers. (Jack Kevorkian) (Cover Story) by Joseph P. Shapiro il v116 U.S. News ; World Report April 25 94 p31(R-7) Euthanasia and Medical Decisions Concerning the Ending of Life. by P.J. van der Maas and J.J.M. DeldenPhilosophy
Tuesday, December 3, 2019
The Problem with Labeling Essay Example For Students
The Problem with Labeling Essay When I think of ââ¬Å"labeling,â⬠I have a particular story that I remember as a child and young teenager that fits this paper well. Although the name I have chosen to use for this story is different, the rest of the story is how I remember it and also how I perceived that others spoke about it. My best friend growing up was named Mike. He was a black kid that I first met in the second grade. We quickly became good friends and enjoyed playing together at school, soccer practice, and eventually at our homes. I lived in a middle class neighborhood and Mike lived in a lower class neighborhood that was very close to mine. We became quickly inseparable and generally rode bikes together in either of our neighborhoods. At such a young age I didnââ¬â¢t realize what family troubles were so until later in life I wasnââ¬â¢t able to put these things completely into perspective. I knew that Mikeââ¬â¢s mother held a good job as that is what Mike told me and I also gathered the same thing from my parents. We will write a custom essay on The Problem with Labeling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On the other hand Mikeââ¬â¢s dad I donââ¬â¢t believe had a steady job based on the same facts that I gathered about his mother. Mikeââ¬â¢s mom when she was home generally engaged in conversation with us frequently as it was quite the opposite with Mikeââ¬â¢s dad. At the time I really didnââ¬â¢t understand why Mikeââ¬â¢s dad wasnââ¬â¢t around much and when he was I never really knew him to work although at the time it didnââ¬â¢t seem unusual to me. Most of the time when I was with Mike we generally played together as it was fairly infrequent that other kids played with just the two of us. As time went on the little I was around Mikeââ¬â¢s dad I did notice that there were times that he acted quite different, erratic, and sometimes he could be mean. I didnââ¬â¢t understand this because as of that time in my life I hadnââ¬â¢t been around someone like this. Mike always ââ¬Å"playedâ⬠it off about his dadââ¬â¢s ways when he acted like he did or if I would question it. I trusted Mike so I didnââ¬â¢t really think too much else about it. Although I mentioned that Mike and I generally played together there were times that we engaged together with other kids in the neighborhood. I began to notice that those other kids although were friends with Mike sometimes acted different towards him. I still didnââ¬â¢t have a clue as a kid what was going on in his household with his family as that was yet to come. I know that when we came around sometimes I could see the other kidââ¬â¢s parents look at Mike and were talking more privately or secretly. Eventually, all of these things began to make me wonder what others really thought about Mike and his family. My family and I both personally felt that Mike was a really good kid and his mom was of sound mind and character. We felt that his mom always wanted to make sure that Mike was doing well in school and that he didnââ¬â¢t get into trouble. I still didnââ¬â¢t have any other information about his dad to where I could make any different evaluation of him than what I already knew. Eventually Mike and I went to junior high and as we were getting older at least I knew a little more about life and family relationships. I began to question Mike about where his dad was at times and why I didnââ¬â¢t see him sometimes for weeks at a time. Mike always played things cool as to nothing was going on and that there were times that his dad would ââ¬Å"go offâ⬠to work and there was not any worries. I still noticed that the demeanor of our other friendââ¬â¢s parents changed when Mike came around and eventually they began to openly talk about Mike and his family when Mike wasnââ¬â¢t around. One day, a friend and I was riding our bikes over to Mikeââ¬â¢s house. We were riding down his street and we noticed two police cars sitting in front of his house. When we got to his house we saw Mikeââ¬â¢s dad in handcuffs being put into a police car. .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b , .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .postImageUrl , .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b , .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b:hover , .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b:visited , .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b:active { border:0!important; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b:active , .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ae0caa76e96e711e35066460262ca8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby (930 words) EssayI asked Mike what happened and he again played it off and not making a big deal about it. We both left Mikeââ¬â¢s house quickly after that. I still continued to hang around with Mike as we were very good friends. Many of the school parents would comment to us that we shouldnââ¬â¢t be around Mike as he wasnââ¬â¢t a good influence on us because of his dad and the neighborhood that he lived in. I had a very difficult time understanding this because I never knew Mike to get into trouble at school and he even always made perfect grades. We were both friends with his neighbors and I never knew them to be trouble either. This really upset me because I felt that many of the school parents were putting Mike into the ââ¬Å"badâ⬠category just because of the problems his dad was dealing with. Eventually, we graduated from high school and Mike went on to get a college degree and a very successful job. I know now that Mike was being ââ¬Å"labeledâ⬠simply by the notion that he was a bad kid because of his dad and also because of the neighborhood that he lived in. Mike and I are still very good friends and I know that he has always walked the straight line even though his dad chose not to I have spoken since to some of the neighborhood parents about what they thought about Mike and his family growing up. All of them admitted to me that they were wrong in the way that they treated and perceived him for many years just based on his dad. This makes me think about how they would have treated Mike if he had simply lived in a higher class neighborhood and if they would have felt the same about him.
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Customer service phrases that will help in any tough situation
Customer service phrases that will help in any tough situation Customer service isà important in any company. They are the front-runnersà for customer interaction and satisfaction. With that being said, customers judge a company based on their interaction experience either through phone, email, or face to face.à Dependingà on how well it goes customersà can decideà whether or not they want to continue business with these companies. With these tips on how to handle customers in tough situations, you are bound to help them feel valued and heard. Your customer service will be unforgettable!Source [ SlickText ]
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Secrets - Ladybug, Ladybud... essays
Secrets - Ladybug, Ladybud... essays Sometimes in life, if you do not tell the truth or if you withhold information it causes a lot more grief than if you had just been honest. These secrets are destroying relationships everywhere. In Ladybug, Ladybug... the secrets kept between characters causes them to come close to losing one another. Without allowing people to become close or neglecting to tell them of important information about yourself you will lead yourself to destruction. In W.O. Mitchell's Ladybug, Ladybug... secrets are destructive as demonstrated through Nadya and Lyon's secrets and also through life assessing images. The worst kind of secret is one in which you withhold information that could potentially save a person's life. Nadya's secret is one of this nature. She neglects to tell her employer, and newfound friend, about her ex-lover who had been stalking her. She also keeps this from her young daughter who should be more cautious with strangers. The problem grows when Nadya becomes worried about her ex-lover and keeping him a secret to the point of ignoring and not paying attention to her child. This causes the child to be distraught and unaware of things around her. As Lyon, her new friend, notices the tension and questions Nadya about what had happened, why she was upset, she replies, "I ran across someone out there, a guy. Somebody I'd just as soon I hadn't run across. That's all. No big deal" (p. 80). Being unaware of the dangers, Lyon does not pay close enough attention to the child either, considering the extra attention needed now to keep away from harm. In fact, while at the park with the child he falls asleep on the park bench. "Maybe he ought to join her now. No. This time the round-about had really taken it out of him, and it was lovely here with that spring sun so kind on his eyelids" (p. 208). Through this unconcern for the child, she falls into the hands of her kidnappe ...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Ford Focus Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Ford Focus - Term Paper Example Further, different marketing strategies have been adopted by the company in order to meet the Fordââ¬â¢s objectives in promoting this new brand of car in the market. The company had used several promotional campaigns in order to create brand awareness to its target market around the world, such as print and digital ad campaigns. Moreover, it continues to evolve itself in order to meet the high demands of customers and keep track of technological advancements in the business world. In order to achieve excellence, Ford has laid out its set of objectives to lead their workforce in realizing the companyââ¬â¢s goal. II. Company Description and Input from Corporate Strategies ââ¬Å"Ford Motor Company was founded by Henry Ford in 1903â⬠and become one of the top carmakers across the globe (ââ¬Å"Heritageâ⬠). Ford had partnered with various businessmen to form the company. The first three cars, namely, the Models A, C, K, and T were done by three workers, and in order to in crease their production of cars, Ford introduced the assembly line in 1913. Since then, the company had a high demand for its Model T cars because it was sold at a cheaper price. In 1920, the company became the top carmaker in the world. After the company had befallen during the World War I and II, the company picked up its pace and became successful in the production of cars like the Thunderbird and Mustang. In 2006, the company had undergone reconstruction with the hope of producing more cars that attract consumers (Wilson). During the economic downturn in 2008 and 2009, Ford had maintained its composure, and it never asked for government financial assistance to continue its operations in comparison with its other competitors, such as Chrysler and GM. Also, the company relied its financial capability by focusing its strategy on the Ford car brand. The market share of the brand had increased as a result from the implementation of the strategy (Ferrel and Hartline 3l). Lately, the c ompany had created cars that answered to the needs of people, as well as integrated the latest technologies on their designs. In 2013, Several Ford car models are made available, including the Hybrid, Edge, and Escape, which feature the latest technology and consume less fuel as compared with other cars in the market (ââ¬Å"Product Information: Ford 2013 Product Guideâ⬠). The companyââ¬â¢s mission and vision statement emphasizes the importance of a unified team, plan, and goal to position itself as a leading company in the automotive industry. In order to achieve a unified team, Ford urges its workforce to uphold cooperation and create a team with a common objective so that it will remain or maintain as the best automotive company in the world. The companyââ¬â¢s cooperation and teamwork can be accessed through bringing out the satisfaction of customers, employees, and business partners. It has also laid out its unified plan for the future, which includes: (1) a constant evolution of its operations that conform to the present demand and demographic behavior of the market; (2) speed up the creation of new products that conform with the preferences and desired needs of customers; (3) improve the financial environment of the company and; (4) work like a team in an effective manner. The main goal of Ford is ââ¬Å"delivering profitable growth for allâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Our Company: One Ford Mission and Visionâ⬠). Jackson, Sawyers, and Jenkins also cited one of the
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Global Economic Environment and Marketing Essay
Global Economic Environment and Marketing - Essay Example This has lowered the cost of production for the company which in turn has provided them cost leadership. This also allows the company to maintain its environmental standards (The Times Newspaper, 2009). The key economic factors are: Firstly, the use of renewable raw materials and smarter use of them along with a dedicated relationship with suppliers have contributed to the companyââ¬â¢s performance. Secondly, the economies of scale enjoyed by the company in terms of huge production scales. This has further lowered production costs. Thirdly, it has strategically placed its sourcing materials close to the supply chain to reduce costs. This factor further reduces the cost of handling by the company and contributes to its profit. Lastly, the use of innovative technologies has increased the profits of the company over the years. This paper aims to understand the impact on the marketing strategies of IKEA on account of globalization and the impact on the changing customer behaviour. Pot ential economic impact on marketing strategies IKEA initially operated with ten stores at the time it had opened. The increasing integration of the world economies on account of globalization has made IKEA operate a large number of stores to present day. The number of stores has raised to 345 in 42 countries in 2013 (IKEA Group, 2013b). IKEA has expanded its business across the continents of US, Asia along with the countries of Europe. The business environment it had to face in the different countries was different. For example, when it entered China, it faced a unique problem at hand by following its low pricing strategy. The Chinese customers were confused with the low prices of products, while the local companies began to copy the design. In China, the company chose to enter in a joint venture and customize its products to meet the aspirations of the clients (Chu, Girdhar and Sood, 2013). Porterââ¬â¢s five forces can be applied to understand the marketing strategy of the firm. Firstly, the competition from other firms becomes an important factor. IKEA has created a highly competitive market for its business. Secondly, the threat of new entrants can pose a problem to a firm. This threat is relatively less for IKEA because of high levels of market saturation and high capital investments. Thirdly, the bargaining power of suppliers is one of the forces. In case IKEA, all the suppliers strive to maintain a good relationship with the firm. IKEA has maintained strategic relationship with the suppliers, but reduced their bargaining power. The threat from substitute products is another component in Porterââ¬â¢s five forces. This threat is again weak in relation to IKEA because of its large scale. The bargaining power of the buyers is also less due to the large scale of operation of IKEA. This section concentrates on some of these forces in shaping IKEAââ¬â¢s choice (Luxinnovation G.I.E., 2008). Competitive advantage The factor which has contributed signific antly to become the greatest competitive advantage for the company is cost leadership. This has mainly owes to the self-sufficiency of the company. The company strives to provide for the home furnishings that are contemporary in sense of style, robust in quality and offers it at reasonably fair prices. IKEA does not depend on the third party manufacturers instead the employees of the company design the low cost furniture which can be readily assembled by the customers
Sunday, November 17, 2019
The Hollow Men by T.S. Elliot. Essay Example for Free
The Hollow Men by T.S. Elliot. Essay In The Hollow Men there is a conflict between an intense longing for a state of edenic purity and the contradictory search for a more lasting form of order through denial and alienation. It can be observed that The Hollow Men expresses the depths of Eliots despair, but the poet in a sense chooses despair as the only acceptable alternative to the false existence of the unthinking inhabitants of the waste land. The despair of The Hollow Men is controlled by intellectual principles, in the way the poem consciously evaluates experience in abstract terms, distinguishes between opposing states of being, and establishes, both in form and subject matter, the illusion of visionary experience. The poem represents the progress of Eliots own intellectual soul, but this progress is frustrated by the poets attraction to a visionary imagery. The Hollow Men replaces the rich and chaotic style of The Waste Land with an austerity of expression and a more contemplative mood. The formal strategy of The Hollow Men, like its content, seems designed to show how effectively the inarticulate influences the conception and creation of a work of art. The formal aspects of the poem imitate the characteristics of the hollow men it portrays. For example, their desire to avoid speech (5) is comparable to the poems general paused rhythm, and the technique of constant repetition and negation: The eyes are not here / There are no eyes here. (5) Moreover, the Paralyzed force, gesture without motion (5) applies not only to the men themselves but to the poem as a whole, which exhibits little narrative progression in the conventional sense and lacks verbs of direct action. As the hollow men walk together, say prayers to broken stones, and whisper meaninglessly, so the poem itself moves toward a conclusion only to end in hollow abstraction, broken prayer, and the meaningless repetition of a rhyme. The reduction of poetic expression to the minimum does away with metaphor and simile and produces a final section of the poem which almost completely lacks modifiers. The poetic style marked by verbal austerity and negation forms a counterpartà to the theme of rejection of the validity of human experience at every level. In this respect the poem expands on the theme of denial explored as part of the individuals search for meaning in The Waste Land. The Hollow Men explores this boundary situation in its images of finality or extremity and in a theme that comprises two different states of being. The poems speaker anticipates with dread that final meeting (5); the men walk together In this last of meeting places (5); the final section, in its generalized abstraction of all that has gone before, tells us that This is the way the world ends. The Dantescan image of the lost souls Gathered on this beach of the tumid river (5) belongs to a boundary theme that recurs throughout Eliots poetry: Prufrock escapes from the world of skirts and teacups to the world of visionary imagination by means of a walk upon the beach. (6) The protagonist of The Waste Land sits down and cries By the waters of Leman,(7) then on the shore with the arid plain behind me. (7) The persona of The Hollow Men has arrived, intellectually and physically, at the limit of one world only to find that its deliberate disguises (5) hide a limited lack of possibility: between capacity and existence Falls the Shadow. (5) (5) The Hollow Men, T.S.Eliot, (6) The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, T.S.Eliot. (7) The Wasteland, T.S.Eliot
Friday, November 15, 2019
The Yellow Wallpaper and The Chrysanthemums -- Comparative, Allen, St
Restraints are set by parents on their children to aid with the developmental process and help with the maturity level. Restrictions and the ability to control exist in our society and our lives. We encounter restraints daily: job, doors, people, and the most frequently used and arduous become intangible. In the following stories tangible and intangible scenarios are presented. Autonomy, desires, and talents spurned by the husbands in John Steinbeckââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Chrysanthemums and Charlotte Gilmanââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.â⬠The authors share views regarding a similar theme of male domination and imprisonment. ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠involves the treatment of a depressed woman who is driven insane in a male imposed detention in her own room. On the other hand, Elisa Allen in the ââ¬Å"The Chrysanthemumsâ⬠struggles internally to find her place in a fully male dominated society with definite gender roles. The mirror-like situations bring upon a different reaction for both the women in different ways. The importance of symbolism, control from their husbands, and the lack of a healthy marriage will be discussed in this paper in two stories. Elisa Allen and the narrator of ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠are both trapped in various ways and the sexuality leads to this entrapment. Elisa feels confined and limited; ââ¬Å"the high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the worldâ⬠(226). Trapped inside the house and feels isolated from the world outside. The chrysanthemums symbolize her scope of life where she devotes most of her time with this activity. The chrysanthemums, strong and thriving, portray Elisaââ¬â¢s current physical condition. She treats the chrysanthemums like her children; ââ¬Å"she held the flower po... ...e husbands possess a male ego of power that leads to lack of understanding in their marriages. The wallpaper symbolizes the trapped narrator and the structure of the tradition. Also, Elisaââ¬â¢s chrysanthemums are discarded and the narratorââ¬â¢s feelings are disowned which portrays the rejection of women. Elisa ends up ââ¬Å"crying weakly like an old womanâ⬠and settles for wine (233). The narratorââ¬â¢s actions lead to her husband fainting ââ¬Å"but he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every timeâ⬠(447). The narrator is insane and causes faintness in her husband, hoping that she now has an escape. To conclude, John Steinbecks ââ¬Å"The Chrysanthemumsâ⬠and Charloette Perkins ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠show two different outcomes mainly arisen due to being trapped inside an isolated house or a garden and having a limited life under a husband's control.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Looking at ââ¬ÅThe Withered Armââ¬Â by Thomas Hardy Essay
Looking at ââ¬Å"The Withered Armâ⬠and at least two other short stories, comment on how Thomas Hardy uses the female characters to influence the readerââ¬â¢s response To prepare for this essay I have read a selection of Thomas Hardyââ¬â¢s short stories: ââ¬Å"The Withered Armâ⬠, ââ¬Å"The Melancholy Hussar of the German Legionâ⬠, ââ¬Å"The Distracted Preacherâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Tony Kytes, the Arch Deceiverâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Absent-mindedness in a Parish Choirâ⬠. The first three stories have been studied more closely than the latter two, and will be used to answer the essay title. Given that a readerââ¬â¢s response may be influenced by many factors, such as time of reading, gender, and personal values it is still clear how Hardy expects his readers to respond. Hardy has moulded the language in many ways, resulting in an intricately woven and complex idea of each character in the readerââ¬â¢s mind. There are certain similarities in each story. Hardy seems to use clever twists of coincidences which are not the fault of the unfortunate character/s involved. Tragedy and death also tend to characterise his stories, for example, Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us and Christoph are shot and Rhoda Brookââ¬â¢s son is hanged. The reputation of women plays a big part in all three of the short stories. ââ¬Å"The Withered Armâ⬠differs from the other two stories as it has two main women characters, who are naturally compared, in a subtle but effective manner. Rhoda Brook is first introduced into the story through another characters speech, as ââ¬Å"sheâ⬠and later in the sentence is described as a ââ¬Å"thin worn milkmaidâ⬠. This gives the reader a clear picture of Rhoda before she even enters the story: she is shown as little more than a solitary victim of other peopleââ¬â¢s gossip. Hardy then presents Rhoda in her home, which is in the lonely and rural countryside. The house is made of mud-walls and is rather rundown and ramshackle: ââ¬Å"in the thatch above a rafter showed like a bone protruding through the skinâ⬠. The house and Rhoda seem similar as their looks are both past their best. Rhoda is often presented in the context of a serious and lonely landscape: ââ¬Å"thick clouds made the atmosphere darkâ⬠. Rhoda is never a happy character and Hardy shows this well, through descriptions of gloomy landscapes. Rhoda has broken social convention by having a son out of marriage and it seems as if she is being punished for this as the story unravels. Rhoda struggles to look after her son alone, and lives in near poverty. Rhoda does not seem particularly disturbed by her situation but it has cut her off from the rest of the small farming community. Hardy has cleverly associated Rhoda with sadness and superstition. Whenever Rhoda is being mentioned in the story the atmosphere is anxious, sad or tense, for example: ââ¬Å"Brook felt like a guilty thingâ⬠. Initially, Hardy places Gertrude on the bright forefront, emphasizing her outgoing, carefree personality, while Rhoda is left as a figure in the background. Rhodaââ¬â¢s speech is limited but even when she does speak it is normally about Gertrude. Hardy uses Rhoda to show the harshness of social convention on women. Rhoda is eventually so excluded from her community that she moves away. Rhoda is threatened by her reputation as she does not want Gertrude to find out about her being the possible cause of the damaged arm. Overall, Rhodaââ¬â¢s situation provokes a sympathetic response from the reader. Gertrude is initially introduced into the story with the landscape in her favour: ââ¬Å"the low sun was full in her face, rendering every feature, shade, and contour distinctâ⬠. She is shown as generous, caring, (helping those less fortunate than herself) gentle and innocent; emotionally and sexually. Her speech and behaviour are described with gentle language: ââ¬Å"innocent young thingâ⬠. Gertrude changes considerably over time, and is slowly transformed into the spectre of Rhodaââ¬â¢s dream. Hardy prepares the reader by starting to taint Gertrude with Rhodaââ¬â¢s main associations, and gradually Gertrude becomes a darker and more sinister figure. This is shown clearly when Gertrudeââ¬â¢s subconscious mind is praying: ââ¬Å"O Lord, hang some innocent or guilty person soonâ⬠. She is described as ââ¬Å"cunningâ⬠, ââ¬Å"shrivelledâ⬠and ââ¬Å"furtiveâ⬠. Hardy shows what a monster an innocent young woman can become while trying to cope with the harsh world of the 1800ââ¬â¢s when her marriage and reputation is all she has. Gertrude failed her marriage in two ways, firstly she did not have children, and secondly, Farmer Lodge no longer found her attractive because of her withered arm (and this was the main motive for her wanting to cure it). Hardy showed that without a respectable marriage and children, many women felt that their lives were inadequate. Social convention and reputation ruled many womenââ¬â¢s lives. This makes the reader feel sympathetic towards women living in that time, and highlights the amount of freedom women have today. ââ¬Å"The Melancholy Hussarâ⬠, contains one main female character, Phyllis Grove, who is presented as a figure of the past. Throughout the story Phyllis is rarely described physically; she is an invisible character. Hardy describes Phyllisââ¬â¢ feelings extensively through direct authorial comment, as she says very little. Phyllis is also closely connected with the landscape, and is part of its timelessness. At the beginning of the story, Phyllisââ¬â¢ seclusion is shown through this: ââ¬Å"secluded old manor houses and hamlets lie in the ravinesâ⬠. In addition, the landscape at this stage in the story is very bleak, symbolising the bleakness of Phyllisââ¬â¢ lifestyle. Phyllis spends most of the story outside, and words describing her are most energetic outside: ââ¬Å"climbsâ⬠, ââ¬Å"walksâ⬠and ââ¬Å"clambersâ⬠. When Phyllis becomes dislocated from what makes her happiest, she becomes dislocated from her landscape; Phyllis was indoors for weeks after she saw Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us and Christoph being shot. To highlight Phyllisââ¬â¢ shyness, she uses the fog and mist to hide her away and protect her. Hardy uses Phyllis to show womenââ¬â¢s isolation, which can be due to men; Phyllisââ¬â¢ father is unsympathetic towards her situation and Phyllisââ¬â¢ only hope of having a better life would be through marriage. Phyllisââ¬â¢ life seems to be mapped out before the story unravels because she is connected with men right at the beginning of the story, in this case her father. Phyllisââ¬â¢ only escape from her desperate isolation seems to be to marry, suitable Humphrey Gould, and their engagement is used by Hardy to convey the fact that marriages were seen as respectable and even an accomplishment. Hardy uses the York Hussars as a contrast to ââ¬Å"suitableâ⬠and ââ¬Å"ordinaryâ⬠Humphrey; the Hussars are shown with excitement and passion ââ¬Å"crowds of admirersâ⬠and ââ¬Å"foreign airâ⬠. Hardy then uses contrast once again regarding Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us Tina; this man is different and catches Phyllisââ¬â¢ attention. When Phyllis is with Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us she is especially alive, as her speech is direct and not shown through reported speech or authorial comment. Also, this seems to be the only time she can actually be heard. In addition, she is described using the most animated language when she is with Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us: ââ¬Å"flushedâ⬠, ââ¬Å"agitationâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"shakedâ⬠. The reader wants Phyllis and Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½usââ¬â¢ relationship to survive, as Phyllis is obviously so happy with him. This is what makes the ending so tragic. The stone wall is the place of Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us and Phyllisââ¬â¢ meetings, and it symbolises an important boundary between them. This figurative language used by Hardy is not only showing the physical but also the moral boundary (Phyllisââ¬â¢ engagement) between the two lovers. Phyllis has a quiet independence, which Hardy shows through her willingness to elope with Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us; she is prepared to defy social convention. Hardy shows Phyllis as a victim of circumstance and coincidence, because when she hears that Humphrey has bought her a present, the only thing that holds her back from eloping is her conscience and honesty. Here Hardy indicates that one small, seemingly insignificant moment can change oneââ¬â¢s life forever. This can make the reader feel quite insecure and that the world is unjust; Phyllis suffered for the rest of her life simply because she was a good person. Irony is used when Phyllis is buried near Christoph and Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us, near the wall where Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us and her met. The most well known marriage vow contains ââ¬Å"until death do us partâ⬠, though ironically they failed to be together in life, and death brought them together. It is also ironic because marriage was meant to be Phyllisââ¬â¢ escape from her secluded life but in fact it was marriage that prevented her freedom. Hardyââ¬â¢s harsh world also extends to men: for example in ââ¬Å"The Withered Armâ⬠when Rhoda Brooksââ¬â¢ son is hanged. In fact, Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us and Christoph were subtly shown as heroes because they took the blame for the other two people found in the boat and as a result were shot. The final story ââ¬Å"The Distracted Preacherâ⬠contains one main female character, Lizzy Newberry. Lizzy completely strays from the social conventions of the time. Lizzy, like Rhoda, is introduced to the reader through someone elseââ¬â¢s speech, but in a completely different manner: ââ¬Å"she wonââ¬â¢t haveâ⬠is used when Mr Stockdale is being informed about her, telling you immediately that she is confident and assertive. Lizzyââ¬â¢s personality is also shown through her leading Mr Stockdale to various destinations and giving him instructions. Hardy makes it clear that Mr Stockdale cannot take her for granted as he is always the one waiting for her and how he looks forward to seeing her: Mr Stockdale ââ¬Å"longed for the morrowâ⬠. He cannot control her life as she is so independent and unpredictable. The environment surrounding Lizzy is ââ¬Å"snug and cheerfulâ⬠, unlike the rural countryside of Rhodaââ¬â¢s and Phyllisââ¬â¢. Other environments associated with Lizzy are smugglers caves such as ââ¬Å"Daggers Graveâ⬠; these show her life as exciting and exhilarating. Hardy makes Lizzy the first to speak between her and Mr Stockdale; she is confident as she is the one that approaches him. Lizzy being a widow puts her in a good position as she can be sexually experienced yet single, without it being a scandal. Hardy uses very sophisticated language to describe Lizzy, this shows her subtle superiority and sophistication. He also uses animated language such as ââ¬Å"ascended the hillâ⬠and ââ¬Å"tripped at a quickening paceâ⬠to show her freedom. Hardy shows Mr Stockdale as rather naà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½ve, by him automatically assuming that a conversation is about love or marriage, when Lizzy is talking to the miller. Also, it takes him a long time to understand what Lizzy does to make money, even after so many clues: Lizzyââ¬â¢s irregular sleeping patterns, her absence from her bedroom at night and him discovering a manââ¬â¢s freshly washed clothes in his room. Lizzy dresses like a man when going smuggling, symbolising her masculinity. In fact, Lizzy is like the man of the house; she makes all the choices and makes money. At one point, Lizzy handles money and this is very symbolic of her freedom. In the other two stories men are hurt physically and in this story Hardy uses this to show Lizzy as masculine; she was shot in the hand. In ââ¬Å"The Withered Armâ⬠Rhoda is jealous of Gertrude for being with Farmer Lodge, and in ââ¬Å"The Melancholy Hussarâ⬠Phyllis stays inside for four weeks because she is so upset about Matthà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½us. In this story, however, Mr Stockdale gets upset about Lizzy. For a few days he becomes ââ¬Å"sadâ⬠and ââ¬Å"restrainedâ⬠when he starts to suspect that there might be another man in Lizzyââ¬â¢s life. Also, there is a lack of choices for Mr Stockdale regarding his job ââ¬Å"brought with a single eye to ministryâ⬠; in the previous stories the women tend to lack choices. Social convention expected women to centre their lives around men but Lizzy was not prepared to give up her life for a man. Lizzy even suggests that Mr Stockdale gives up his ministry to marry her. I think Hardy implies that money plays a big part in independence, because in the previous short stories women were restrained because of their lack of money, and in this story Lizzy is economically independent and has freedom. ââ¬Å"Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesarââ¬â¢sâ⬠ââ¬Å"â⬠Heââ¬â¢s dead,â⬠she pouted.â⬠This quote shows Lizzyââ¬â¢s rebelliousness but ironically, she ends up writing a book called ââ¬Å"Render unto Caesarâ⬠. Lizzyââ¬â¢s marriage and apology to Mr Stockdale show that she eventually conformed to social convention. In the authorââ¬â¢s note Hardy says he would have preferred Lizzy to marry Jim the smuggler, and emigrate to America, and that the other ending was only written because of the expectations of the time of publishing. So, even Hardy had to conform to the conventions of the day. The latter ending is more modern and clearly shows the influence of time on Hardy and his admiration of Lizzy. Throughout these short stories Hardy has shown a wide range of characters and has used different women in varying ways to achieve different purposes. Hardy is shown to have a good understanding of the women in that time through these stories. Even though all three of the short stories were written in the third person, Hardy has used language ingeniously. He has evoked many responses from the reader, but predominantly it is one of sympathy for the women.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
QNT Final
What will be the probability that z is greater than 1. 75? 0. 0401 z end up in the higher than 1. 75. 22) A null hypothesis will make a claim about what? A Population parameter Explanation: A null hypothesis is the general default position in a survey and requires a claim off population parameter. 23) Describe the level of significance? Probability off Type I error Explanation: A type 1 error happens when the null hypothesis is true, but rejected at he same time. 24) Let's perform a statistical test of the difference between two proportions at the 0. 05 level of significance.If the computed z is -1. 07, what will be the correct decision? Do not reject the null hypothesis. Explanation: The z is of -1. 07 is acceptable within the range of a . 05 level of significance. 25) What condition must be met to perform a test for the difference of two sample means? Data must be at least of interval scale and populations must be normal. 26) Consider a hypothesis test that compares two population means. The combined degrees of freedom equal 24. What statement about the sample sizes is NOT true? Let's assume the population standard deviations are equal. Sample A = 11.Sample B = 13 Explanation: This must NOT be true because it is outside the limits set by the degree of freedom. 27) What type of chart do we call it when paired data is plotted? Scatter diagram Explanation: Paired data must be plotted in a way that shows the relationship 28) When a variable is used to predict the value of another variable, it is called: Independent variable Explanation: The independent variable is useful for determining the values of variables that are not explicitly known. 29) 20 randomly selected online students were given 1 5 multiple-choice problems ND 15 open-ended problems that cover the same topics.The teacher wanted to know which questions the students scored better on. What kind of test is this? A paired t-test Explanation: The paired t-test evaluates the mean values that result form a s et of data. 30) The weights of 100 units of a product created by two identical processes have same mean, but the standard of process A is 15 while that of B is 7. What is true about this scenario? Unit weights in process B will be grouped closer than in process A. Explanation: A wider standard of process is going to create greater deviation in the end products.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Pursing a Career as a Police Officer
Pursing a Career as a Police Officer A sociology degree is a very useful and relevant degree for any career in the criminal justice field. Police officers are one great example of this. As a career that is present in every city, town, and community across the country, becoming a police officer does not usually require relocation and is it is usually always in demand. One way that a sociology degree is especially helpful to a police officer is that it allows one to examine situations with knowledge of the structural issues that surround a society. For example, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, and age are all especially important for understanding specific conflict situations. Understanding the Effects Stereotypes Have It is always important to understand the effects that stereotypes have in how people perceive a community problem. Witnesses to a crime, for example, might believe a stereotype about the criminal and will therefore bias the true events. By understanding this and asking very specific questions, the police officer may be able to get an accurate depiction of the crime without any stereotyped influences. In conducting police work, it is also important to understand that communities are composed of relational networks. These networks can be especially important in both investigating crimes and in preventing criminal acts. Since police officers are constantly interacting with community members, education on how to interact with and deal with certain types of people is crucial. In fact, it is often the case that less than half of police academy training has to do with laws, legal codes, and weapons, and the majority of training is spent on human interaction. How a Sociology Degree Is Extremely Helpful This is where a sociology degree is extremely helpful. Role-playing, modeling peopleââ¬â¢s behavior, and understanding group dynamics is crucial to be a successful police officer. An understanding of cultural diversity is also important. Those going into a career in law enforcement need to learn that there are other patterns of living and officers need to learn to adapt to those patterns when they enter certain situations. Job Description The primary duty of police officers is to enforce the law. They help the community fight crime by making arrests, assisting people with emergencies, investigating crimes, helping prosecute crimes, collecting evidence, testifying in court, and writing detailed reports of crimes. Educational Requirements The educational requirements for police officers vary by city and community. Larger cities often require four-year degrees while some small communities only require a high-school diploma. However, the majority of places are now requiring formal job training, commonly an associateââ¬â¢s degree. Additional training is provided at a federal or state law enforcement academy after an officer is hired. Salary and Benefits Police officers entering the field can expect to earn on average between $22,000 and $26,000, however, some areas pay as low as $18,000. Salaries vary by city and region. After six years of service, police officers earn an average of $34,000 or more. Benefits are offered by the majority of police departments, which typically includes life insurance, medical benefits, and retirement plans. Other Recommendations For those thinking of entering a career as a police officer, there are some other recommendations that will help you during your career. First, it is important to understand cultural diversity and be able to adapt to different cultural contexts. Foreign language capability, especially Spanish, is nearly essential. Other languages might be emphasized according to local needs. For example, Southeast Asian languages (Vietnamese, Cambodian, Chinese etc.) are needed in parts of California. Computer literacy is also a must, as officers compose written reports that are transmitted directly and immediately to the department for analysis. Finally, oral communication skills are essential to conduct good community relations. Search for jobs in law enforcement or other sociology careers in your area. References Stephens, W.R. (2004). Careers in Sociology, Third Edition. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Criminal Justice USA. (2011). Police Officer. criminaljusticeusa.com/police-officer.html
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Compile a scientific report assessing the validity of the Bioharness heart rate monitoring system against a criterion measure. The WritePass Journal
Compile a scientific report assessing the validity of the Bioharness heart rate monitoring system against a criterion measure. Introduction Compile a scientific report assessing the validity of the Bioharness heart rate monitoring system against a criterion measure. ) Heart rate recovery is an indirect marker of autonomic function and could be included in a future study measuring post-activity heart rate. This would reflect the bodyââ¬â¢s capacity to respond to exercise, (Borresen and Lambert, 2007) providing a follow-up from the current study which merely measures real-time heart rate and allow for an integrated observation of the effects of exercise on the individual. A heart rate performance curve, which is non-linearly related to work load, can be used too if it can be shown to be fairly uniform upon validation of the heart rate turn point. This occurs at maximal lactate steady state, but has yet to be substantiated with data from large-scale studies.à (Hofmann and Pokan, 2010) A controlled velocity experiment for each individual could also have been conducted to better calibrate the Conconi graph, thereby allowing for the observation of a heart rate deflection point. In conclusion, this study has been shown to be inadequate in proving the reliability of the Bioharness as an effective heart rate monitoring device. More robust testing is needed before the Bioharness is recommended as an on-site testing equipment for sporting professionals. References BORRESEN, J. LAMBERT, M. I. 2007. Changes in heart rate recovery in response to acute changes in training load. Eur J Appl Physiol, 101, 503-11. BRAGE, S., BRAGE, N., FRANKS, P. W., EKELUND, U. WAREHAM, N. J. 2005. Reliability and validity of the combined heart rate and movement sensor Actiheart. Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, 561-70. BURKE, M. J. WHELAN, M. V. 1987. The accuracy and reliability of commercial heart rate monitors. Br J Sports Med, 21, 29-32. CAREY, D. 2008. A comparison of different heart rate deflection methods to predict the anaerobic threshold. european journal of sports science, 8, 315-323. DICKSTEIN, K., BARVIK, S., AARSLAND, T., SNAPINN, S. KARLSSON, J. 1990. A comparison of methodologies in detection of the anaerobic threshold. Circulation, 81, II38-46. GROSLAMBERT, A., GRAPPE, F., BERTUCCI, W., PERREY, S., GIRARD, A. J. ROUILLON, J. D. 2004. A perceptive individual time trial performed by triathletes to estimate the anaerobic threshold. A preliminary study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 44, 147-56. HOFMANN, P. POKAN, R. 2010. Value of the application of the heart rate performance curve in sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 5, 437-47. RAO, R. P., DANDURAN, M. J., LOOMBA, R. S., DIXON, J. E. HOFFMAN, G. M. 2012. Near-infrared spectroscopic monitoring during cardiopulmonary exercise testing detects anaerobic threshold. Pediatr Cardiol, 33, 791-6. TECHNOLOGIES, Z. 2011. Application notes and white papers [Online]. Available: zephyr-technology.com/resources/whitepapers [Accessed 2 June 2012. WELK, G. 2002. Physical Activity Assessment for Health-Related Research, USA, Human Kinetics Publishers. WELTMAN, A. 1995. The blood lactate response to exercise, Champaign, Illingworth, R. WOLFE, B. L., LEMURA, L. M. COLE, P. J. 2004. Quantitative analysis of single- vs. multiple-set programs in resistance training. J Strength Cond Res, 18, 35-47.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
What are the possible legal implications of nationalisation ( Essay
What are the possible legal implications of nationalisation ( expropration) regarding foreign oned properties in International Law - Essay Example A discussion of the legal implications of nationalisation or expropriation of the property of foreign investors has been presented in this write up and this should be of interest to all those with an interest in international law and business. I hereby certify that, except where cited in the text, this work is the result of the research carried out by the author of this study. The main content of the study which has been presented contains work that has not previously been reported anywhere. This write-up is submitted in fulfilment for the requirements related to an essay on The Legal Implications of Nationalisation, or Expropriation, regarding Foreign Owned Properties in International Law. National governments, especially governments in the developing world, have been known to have tried to recover control of their own economy and to attempt to do that which will appear to be for their benefit by trying to nationalise, take or expropriate foreign owned business and property. 1 The expansion of Western economies since the nineteenth century has resulted in outflow of capital for investment into the developing world. However, with the formation of national governments after the granting of independence to the former colonies, the foreign business ownership arrangements came under pressure, with the nationalisation measures that had been taken by the former Soviet Union serving as an example for the newly independent states. 2 It has to be appreciated that although certain countries may feel that nationalisation or expropriation may serve in their best interest, the taking of foreign owned property by a host country poses a very significant risk to continued foreign inve stment. Not only is nationalisation, or the taking of private assets by public authorities, a deterrent to continued foreign investment, but it also raises significant issues in international law as
Friday, November 1, 2019
The key behaviors needed Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
The key behaviors needed - Assignment Example oneââ¬â¢s way to address the inquiries and concerns of the customers within ethical and moral codes; (5) assumes professional stance by exuding qualities expected of the position: courteous, accommodating, responsive, attentive, committed and dedicated to the responsibilities of the job. To achieve the key behaviors, personnel assigned to serve the needs of the customers need to undergo training on to enhance customer service skills. As revealed by the site on Good Customer Service, ââ¬Å"the most beneficial customer service training programmes are those that are customized and structured by a professional training provider so they focus on the core business of a companyâ⬠(Good Customer Service 1). Further, the training should focus on assessing and identifying strengths and weaknesses in customer service skills to that the strengths could be further enhanced while addressing the weaknesses. To determine is customer service training is effective, the most effective measure to determine the progress is through customersââ¬â¢ feedback and measurement of improvement in achieving organizational goals (increased sales, increased profits and market shares, and repeated patronage from customers and referrals to new
Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Authors, journalists,and artists throughout the Modern Chinese Essay
Authors, journalists,and artists throughout the Modern Chinese - Essay Example The reporting of incidents and occurrences using the invented methods like writing and picture taking improved journalism and made it advance to the level it is in the modern days. This paper will give a clear analysis on two pieces of journalism and literature that have become impressions of art In reviewing the works of Ah Cheng, he gives out his ideas about journalism, art, and literature in China. Ah Cheng came to the public and became famous in the 1980s. The period saw him as a member and one of the ââ¬Ëseeking rootsââ¬â¢ literary movement. In the movement, he was with other writers such as Han Shaogong and Mo Yan. Before Cheng became involved in writing and started writing fiction articles, he was fond of helping his father, Zhong Dianfei, who was a film critic. His father had composed the article, ââ¬ËThe Art of Cinemaââ¬â¢. Both Cheng and his father used ideas and influences that originated from Karl Marx, Hegel, the philosophies and ideas of Confucianism as well the classical Chinese literature writings such as the ââ¬ËThe Book of Changesââ¬â¢. In the Festival by A Cheng, he draws inspiration from Kanshaââ¬â¢s Observing Decapitation and Join the Crowd of Onlookers by Weiguan to depict different scenes in his work. Cheng uses vivid descriptions in his works to bring the reader closer to his scene in ways that place the reader as part of the events. The author takes his time to bring out even the minute details such as the description of drying up gun powder using iron skillets (Cheng 128). Cheng does not just mention that the individuals were drying up gun powder, but rather delves into the details to outline the process and bring the reader closer to the event. Such depictions are taken in positive light especially when the scene regards positive attributes that the society holds dear. In drawing a similarity to Kanshaââ¬â¢s Decapitation, the festival has vivid descriptions of scenes that draw negative attitudes due to depictions of violence and
Monday, October 28, 2019
Epistemology and Knowledge Essay Example for Free
Epistemology and Knowledge Essay Epistemology, or the study of knowledge, requires the scholar analyze the what, how, and whyââ¬â¢s of their own knowledge. Asking these questions of themselves is essentially applying that which they have learned. There are different origins of knowledge as conceptualized by philosophers, educators, and scientists. Early philosophers defined knowledge as ââ¬Å"justified true beliefâ⬠(Cooper, pg. 23). In order for an individual to know something it must be true, he or she must believe it, and the belief in it must be justified or rationally reasonable. Later, early modern philosophers required knowledge to be proven and absolute. The scientific method was employed to provide proof for ideas and beliefs. The means by which knowledge is acquired varies. Feldman cites sources of knowledge as perception, expert testimony, memory, reasoning, and introspection (Feldman, 2003). As an educator, instructing primary age students on a daily basis, I must not only have great insight into what I believe, but I also must have insight into my studentââ¬â¢s knowledge as well. Instructors need to know a number of things about their students, such as: Do the students have adequate prior knowledge to understand the new material being presented? Are the students sufficiently motivated to engage in the cognitive tasks required of them? Does the information fit an existing scheme of knowledge or will it require some alteration of current understanding? Understanding what my student know and at what depth they are able to apply that knowledge guides my instruction. My natural curiosity, a natural inclination for question, and a need for answers motivate the search for explanations. Knowledge and wisdom give an understanding of our position, role, and function in the world. Achterbergh and Vriens (2002) stated, ââ¬Å"The role of knowledge in generating appropriate actions is that it serves as a background for articulating possible courses of action (articulation), for judging whether courses of action will yielded the intended result and for using this judgment in selecting among them (selection), for deciding how actions should be implemented and for actually implementing action (implementation)â⬠(pg. 223). Knowledge enables interpretation of experiences, predictions of consequences, and provides the ability to make informed decisions. My own personal epistemology is a product of each of these views. Personal experiences have a major influence on beliefs and should be an acceptable source of knowledge but not the only consideration when acquiring knowledge. There is also a place for the scientific method which offers proven data to base knowledge. For me, knowledge is a product of reasoning (Feldman, 2003). I derive knowledge from information imported through different modes and from various sources, such as personal experiences, advice from experts, and data. These inputs of information are cognitively processed and filtered with the reference to past experience and prior knowledge to become new ââ¬Å"justified true beliefsâ⬠(Cooper, ). Thus, knowledge acquisition is a process involving the collection of raw data or information, reasoning, and judgment making. For example, after my students have taken a test, I look at the data, think about the patterns in the data, or the lack of a pattern using prior knowledge and experiences as a filter. Finally, I decide what my next step or strategy will be. Do I need to reteach the subject because the pattern suggests that most of my students did not fully understand the skill or concept? Or do I move on to another more complex skill or concept because my students have proven themselves knowledgeable? It is in this way that I acquire knowledge and apply that knowledge to planning lessons for my students. Many of my colleagues rely solely on the scientific method to make decisions in regards to student learning. They are satisfied with looking at a spreadsheet full of data and believe that it tells the complete story in regards to students. They are also under the assumption that scores derived from a series of multiple choice tests given on a set of skills will reveal if a student has acquired the desired knowledge. Basing grades on these tests is also appropriate. I do not believe that this tells the full story of my studentââ¬â¢s knowledge. These tests may demonstrate the ability to regurgitate this knowledge within a certain context, but out of this context this may not be true. I do, however, use this data to help inform many of my decisions, however, I do not make decisions based exclusively on this data. There must be a balanceà of reasoning, using my 16 years of experiences and training, as well as raw data tells a more complete story of my studentââ¬â¢s knowledge and abilities. I have worked for Porterville Unified School District (PUSD), in Porterville, California, my entire career. PUSDââ¬â¢s vision and mission statements read as follows: ââ¬Å"PUSD students will have the skills and knowledge to be prepared for college and career and to make a positive impact in a dynamic global society. The mission of PUSD is to provide students a dynamic, engaging and effective educational experience that prepares them with the skills to be productive citizens in a global society. â⬠As a result, it is perceived that all students will develop and demonstrate ââ¬Å"critical thinking and problem solving skills; cultural awareness and the ability of collaborate with diverse groups; effective communication skills of listening, speaking and writing; creativity and innovation; leadership, self-management and organizational skills obtained through real world applications and community involvement; (and) the ability to navigate the global world of work and further their education (Porterville, 2012). â⬠Porterville Unified (PUSD) has given explicit expectations for what students should know at the end of their educational career with the district, how students get to these end goals is a little less clear and left to the judgment of the teachers. There are some expectations of teachers and lessons presented to students given by the district. Many professional development hours have been spent on instructing teachers about the specific things that administrators will look for as they do brief observations of classroom instruction. The expectations include teaching explicitly to the essential standards; posting of the essential standard being taught; 80% student engagement during the lesson; display of exemplary work; higher order questioning and thinking skills. Administrators collect this data and share it with grade levels and school wide to help teachers focus on areas that are lacking. Administrator walk-throughs give a quick snap shot of the type of teaching and learning taking place during a lesson and they help to build a holistic picture of the teaching methods and resources being used (Hetzner, 2011). PUSD has placed an emphasis on the strategies needed for effective lessons and, in turn, effective student learning. As a 4th grade teacher for Porterville Unified School District, my task is to create daily lesson plans that serve to guide me as I teach my students. My first step in creating these lessons is to determine my studentââ¬â¢s level of prior knowledge. I can accomplish this by looking at formal and informal assessments and data. Observation of this data gives me a better understanding of what my next steps with my student should be. In some cases, I need to go back and reteach skills, while in other cases I can teach my students a new skill. I have to make an informed decision as to what cognitive level I need to teach to next. Awareness of how my students are performing as well as where I need to be as far as pacing and staying on track to get through all the skills needed to be taught within the year are vital to my daily task as a 4th grade teacher. As I compare my personal epistemology with that of my district, I realize that I spend more time assessing data after the lesson has been taught while the district places more emphasis on data collected during a lesson. Both of these approaches are valuable and, in fact, the district does place value on the end result (i. e. State test scores), however, there is little action that can take place after the end of the year data is collected. PUSD has placed and emphasis on good instruction because they see it as the road to a good education, as well as, the skills and goals they have set in the mission and vision statements. Our epistemologies align in that we both rely on the research of experts. I trust, as does PUSD, that the data given by experts is valuable to our own knowledge and it should guide how I teach my students. The district also views its teachers as experts in the field and has given many freedoms in the presentation and uses of resources when teaching students. As I reflect on my school districts focus as compared to me I realize that even though our epistemologies are not exactly aligned we are aligned in our focus of the students. Students come first. That means I will use whichever strategies I need to in order to create effective student learning. Reviewing test scores and planning lessons are vital to student learning, however, I have been so centered on what I am teaching that my students have not been engaged as well as they could be and thus have not learned the subject matters to their full potential. Also, although pacing is important, it should not be of top priority. Top priority should be assessing my students during the lesson and changing strategies, or even the skills being taught, if my students are not engaged. There is no point in plowing through a lesson if the majority of my students are not listening to what is being taught. This new insight will definitely help to drive my instruction and will help make me a more effective teacher. References: Achterbergh,J. , Vriens, D. (May-June 2002). Managing viable knowledge. ââ¬Å"Systems Research and Behavioral Science. â⬠V19i3p223 (19). Cooper, D. E. (Ed. ). (1999). Epistemology: The classic readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Feldman R. (2003). Epistemology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hetzner, Amy, 2011. Walk-throughs give school administrators firsthand view of staff in action. JSOnline: Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal Sentinel. May 14, 2011. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://www. jsonline. com/news/education/121843078. html Porterville Unified School District, 2012 . PUSD: Vision and mission statements. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://dnn. portervilleschools. org/dotnetnuke/District/VisionMission. aspx.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Pacific Explorers :: essays research papers fc
Andrew Sharp claims in his Ancient Voyagers in the Pacific published in 1956 that the Pacific Islanders did not possess the necessary navigational and sailing technology to deliberately navigate the distances between islands of the Pacific when colonizing these islands. He claims colonization was random and accidental. However, more recent studies from 1972 on of Pacific navigation suggest deliberate navigation and colonization was possible and did take place. These studies have been supported by reenactments of voyages, computer simulations, and newly acquired information regarding preparation for distant voyages. Andrew Sharp supports his claim of accidental colonization by citing numerous examples of lost voyagers landing on populated islands, their testimony or second hand information recorded by Captain Cook. Sharp claims the only distant voyages were confined to "Western Polynesia-Fiji and the Tahiti-Tuamotu archipelago" (Sharp 1956:2). He states that the longest offshore voyages made without landing on intermediate islands included distances of up to three hundred miles, separating Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, Rotuma and the Ellice Islands, and distances up to two-hundred and thirty miles, separating Tahiti from the Tuamotu islands. Sharp refers to an account by Captain Cook's interpreter, Omai, who discovered three of his own countrymen from Tahiti, who landed on Atiu, six hundred miles away. They were the sole survivors of twenty people, blown off course in a sudden gale while attempting to voyage from Tahiti to Raiatea, one hundred miles away. Sharp relies on generalizations given in Cook's logs referring to colonization of the remote islands of Polynesia. Cook refers to the accidental voyage to Atiu stating "this will serve to explain, better than a thousand conjectures of speculative reason, how the detached parts of the earth, and in particular, how the South Seas, may have been peopled; especially those that lie remote from any inhabited continent, or from each other." (Sharp 1956:4) Sharp uses examples procured from Cook's log book, citing observations of Anderson, ship surgeon in charge of natural history observations. "The knowledge they have of other islands is no doubt, traditional; and has been communicated to them by the natives of those islands, driven accidentally upon their coasts, who besides giving them the names, could easily inform them of the direction in which the places lie from whence they came, and of the number of days they had upon the sea." (Sharp 1956:7) Sharp discusses the navigational technology of the Tongans, with most of his knowledge based on Cook's observations. "The sun is their guide by day and the stars at night. When these are obscured, they have recourse to the points from which the winds and waves come upon the vessel. If during the obstruction the winds and waves should shift. . Pacific Explorers :: essays research papers fc Andrew Sharp claims in his Ancient Voyagers in the Pacific published in 1956 that the Pacific Islanders did not possess the necessary navigational and sailing technology to deliberately navigate the distances between islands of the Pacific when colonizing these islands. He claims colonization was random and accidental. However, more recent studies from 1972 on of Pacific navigation suggest deliberate navigation and colonization was possible and did take place. These studies have been supported by reenactments of voyages, computer simulations, and newly acquired information regarding preparation for distant voyages. Andrew Sharp supports his claim of accidental colonization by citing numerous examples of lost voyagers landing on populated islands, their testimony or second hand information recorded by Captain Cook. Sharp claims the only distant voyages were confined to "Western Polynesia-Fiji and the Tahiti-Tuamotu archipelago" (Sharp 1956:2). He states that the longest offshore voyages made without landing on intermediate islands included distances of up to three hundred miles, separating Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, Rotuma and the Ellice Islands, and distances up to two-hundred and thirty miles, separating Tahiti from the Tuamotu islands. Sharp refers to an account by Captain Cook's interpreter, Omai, who discovered three of his own countrymen from Tahiti, who landed on Atiu, six hundred miles away. They were the sole survivors of twenty people, blown off course in a sudden gale while attempting to voyage from Tahiti to Raiatea, one hundred miles away. Sharp relies on generalizations given in Cook's logs referring to colonization of the remote islands of Polynesia. Cook refers to the accidental voyage to Atiu stating "this will serve to explain, better than a thousand conjectures of speculative reason, how the detached parts of the earth, and in particular, how the South Seas, may have been peopled; especially those that lie remote from any inhabited continent, or from each other." (Sharp 1956:4) Sharp uses examples procured from Cook's log book, citing observations of Anderson, ship surgeon in charge of natural history observations. "The knowledge they have of other islands is no doubt, traditional; and has been communicated to them by the natives of those islands, driven accidentally upon their coasts, who besides giving them the names, could easily inform them of the direction in which the places lie from whence they came, and of the number of days they had upon the sea." (Sharp 1956:7) Sharp discusses the navigational technology of the Tongans, with most of his knowledge based on Cook's observations. "The sun is their guide by day and the stars at night. When these are obscured, they have recourse to the points from which the winds and waves come upon the vessel. If during the obstruction the winds and waves should shift. .
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Neo-liberalism
In one long revolutionà °ry wà °ve, the Eà °st Europeà °n regimes of ââ¬Ëreà °lly existing socià °lismââ¬â¢ hà °ve been swept à °wà °y in the pà °st two yeà °rs. Communism à °s à ° living politicà °l movement no longer exists, à °nd à °nticommunism is therefore no longer à °n essentià °l element of bourgeois ideology in the West. Eà °stern Europe, the Soviet Union, à °nd most of their former à °llies in the Third World (à ngolà °, Ethiopià °, Vietnà °m), à °re swiftly being reintegrà °ted into the world economy, their socià °l structures overturned to à °ccommodà °te their insertion into the globà °l cà °pità °list clà °ss structure. In these formerly socià °list countries, neo-liberà °lism hà °s become the predominà °nt ideology legitimà °ting the privà °tizà °tion of the stà °te-controlled economy à °nd the substitution of the mà °rket for the socià °l provision of bà °sic welfà °re. For Europe à °s à ° whole this hà °s set in motion processes of economic à °nd politicà °l liberà °lizà °tion à °nd mà °ss migrà °tion (Holmà °n, 1992). à n eà °rlier meà °ning of the term neo-liberà °lism wà °s à °ctuà °lly quite similà °r to the notion of corporà °te liberà °lism (Hà °rris, 1972; Cox 1987). à relà °ted cà °use for misunderstà °nding mà °y be the renewed populà °rity of the term in the USà where ââ¬Ëliberà °lismââ¬â¢ hà °d the sà °me connotà °tions à °s corporà °tism in Europe, à °nd where ââ¬Ëneo-liberà °lismââ¬â¢ designà °tes those politicà °l forces which try to revive the liberà °lism of the Kennedy erà °, but prà °gmà °ticà °lly incorporà °te mà °ny of the conservà °tive criticisms of trà °ditionà °l à mericà °n liberà °lism (Rothenberg, 1984). It cà °n be sà °id thà °t neo-liberà °lism is ââ¬Å"the politics constructed from the individuà °l, freedom of choice, the mà °rket society, là °issez-fà °ire, à °nd minimà °l government. Its neo-conservà °tive component builds on strong government, socià °l à °uthorità °rià °nism, disciplined society, hierà °rchy à °nd subordinà °tion, à °nd the nà °tionâ⬠(Belsey, 1986, p.173). The combinà °tion of the two is not neà °rly à °s contrà °dictory à °s it sometimes seems. à s à ° concept of control, neo-liberà °lism is the formulà °tion of à °n identifià °ble frà °ctionà °l interest in terms of the ââ¬Ënà °tionà °lââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëgenerà °lââ¬â¢ interest. Neo-liberà °lism is the fundà °mentà °l expression of the outlook of trà °nsnà °tionà °l circulà °ting cà °pità °l. In the West, the high tide of the ââ¬ËReà °gà °n revolutionââ¬â¢ à °nd ââ¬ËThà °tcherismââ¬â¢ seems to hà °ve receded with the politicà °l retirement of their nà °mesà °kes, Ronà °ld Reà °gà °n à °nd Mà °rgà °ret Thà °tcher. Untrà °mmeled internà °tionà °l competition, the celebrà °tion of the mà °rket, of weà °lth à °nd self, à °nti-communism à °nd à °nti-unionism; à °ll these à °re no longer propà °gà °ted à °s ââ¬Ërevolutionà °ryââ¬â¢ in the sense of chà °llenging à ° prevà °iling consensus of à ° different content, but they à °re now pà °rt of normà °l every dà °y discourse, self-evident, neà °r impossible to contrà °dict or even doubt. History conceived of à °s à ° struggle of ideologies hà °s come to à °n end, à °s Fukuyà °mà ° (1989) would hà °ve it. In short, the end of history à °ppeà °rs to hà °ve resolved à °ny remà °ining internà °l contrà °dictions within internà °tionà °l cà °pità °lism (other thà °n strà °ightforwà °rd competition), à °nd to represent the triumph of the ideologicà °l tendency à °rticulà °ting these orientà °tions, neo-liberà °lism. Its victory meà °ns thà °t its rà °dicà °l tenets hà °ve themselves become the new ââ¬Ënormà °lcyââ¬â¢. This trà °nsnà °tionà °l revolution took plà °ce à °gà °inst the bà °ckground of the crisis of world cà °pità °lism of the 1970s, which necessità °ted à ° fà °r-reà °ching restructuring of the economic, socià °l à °nd politicà °l conditions for cà °pità °l à °ccumulà °tion. Neo-liberà °lism wà °s evidently the hegemonic project, which guided this restructuring à °nd shà °ped its trà °jectory. In the period from the First World Wà °r to the 1950s the productive cà °pità °l perspective (Polà °nyiââ¬â¢s principle of socià °l protection) wà °s dominà °nt à °t the nà °tionà °l level; in this erà °, the hegemonic concept of control wà °s thà °t of stà °te monopolism. Money cà °pità °l wà °s still principà °lly engà °ged in internà °tionà °l operà °tions, but the crisis of the 1930s led to its curtà °ilment by stà °te à °uthorities. Grà °duà °lly, à °nd definitely following the Second World Wà °r, (US) industry expà °nded on à °n à tlà °ntic plà °ne, à °lbeit in à ° highly regulà °ted setting. à welfà °re stà °te concept, the highest form of Polà °nyiââ¬â¢s principle of socià °l protection constructed à °round the productive cà °pità °l viewpoint, combined à °spects of expà °nding production with à ° meà °sure of reliberà °lizà °tion in the internà °tionà °l sphere. Trà °de, however, held priority over money cà °pità °l (in line with the hegemony of the productive cà °pità °l view). The comprehensive concept defining the new normà °lcy à °nd generà °l interest à °t this stà °ge wà °s corporà °te liberà °lism. In the crisis of the 1970s, finà °lly, à ° struggle ensued which resulted in the triumph of neo-liberà °lism. Neo-liberà °lism reà °ches bà °ck to the à °bstrà °ct à °nd cosmopolità °n money cà °pità °l perspective so prominent in liberà °l internà °tionà °lism, but industry hà °s meà °nwhile outgrown its nà °tionà °l confines. The pà °rà °digmà °tic scà °le of operà °tion of industrià °l cà °pità °l todà °y is globà °l, à °t leà °st in tendency. à t the sà °me time we witness à ° relà °tive disintegrà °tion of the nà °tionà °l frà °mework into multiple locà °l à °nd regionà °l frà °meworks, leà °ding some observers to speà °k of ââ¬Ëglobà °lizà °tionââ¬â¢ à °s the typicà °l trend of the new erà °. The crisis of the là °tter hà °lf of the 1970s cà °nnot be trà °ced to à °ny one single incident, or to à °ny one isolà °ted dip in the normà °l business cycle. It wà °s à ° fundà °mentà °l crisis of ââ¬Ënormà °lityââ¬â¢ à °ffecting à °ll à °spects of the post-wà °r order: socià °l relà °tions of production, the composition of the historic bloc à °nd its concept of control, the role of the stà °te, à °nd the internà °tionà °l order. Efforts to resolve this crisis necessà °rily à °cquired à ° comprehensive quà °lity. à s Stuà °rt Hà °ll hà °s sà °id, ââ¬Å"If the crisis is deepââ¬âââ¬Ëorgà °nicââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬âthese efforts cà °nnot be merely defensive. They will be formà °tive: à °iming à °t à ° new bà °là °nce of forces, the emergence of new elements, the à °ttempt to put together à ° new ââ¬Ëhistoric blocââ¬â¢, new politicà °l configurà °tions à °nd ââ¬Ëphilosophiesââ¬â¢, à ° profound restructuring of the stà °te à °nd the ideologicà °l discourses which construct the crisis à °nd represent it à °s it is ââ¬Ëlivedââ¬â¢ à °s à ° prà °cticà °l reà °lity: new progrà °mmes à °nd policies, pointing to à ° new result, à ° new sort of ââ¬Ësettlementââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬âââ¬Ëwithin certà °in limitsââ¬â¢. These new elements do not ââ¬Ëemergeââ¬â¢: they hà °ve to be constructed. Politicà °l à °nd ideologicà °l work is required to disà °rticulà °te old formà °tions, à °nd to rework their elements into new onesâ⬠(Hà °ll, 1983, p. 23). The new concept of control emerging out of this constructive effort to deà °l with the orgà °nic crisis of the 1970s nowà °dà °ys we cà °ll neo-liberà °lism. It should à °lso be mentioned thà °t neo-conservà °tism provides the neo-liberà °l bourgeoisie with à °n effective ââ¬Ëpolitics of supportââ¬â¢: morà °l conservà °tism, xenophobià °, là °w-à °nd-order, the fà °mily, à °re the themes which provided the bà °sis for à ° relà °tively stà °ble electorà °l coà °lition, which even todà °y seems to hà °ve relegà °ted socià °l-democrà °cy to the pà °st for good. The precise mix of elements (free mà °rket ideology à °nd neo-conservà °tism, destructive à °nd constructive) và °ries from country to country, depending on the politicà °l conjuncture à °nd the countryââ¬â¢s pà °rticulà °r plà °ce in the world order of the 1970s. The rise à °nd consolidà °tion of the neo-liberà °l projectââ¬âwhich involved disciplining là °bor through està °blishing à ° new core-periphery structure of là °bor relà °tions, subordinà °ting the globà °l productive grid to profit criterià ° està °blished by money cà °pità °l, à °nd confronting the Third World à °nd the Soviet bloc with à ° new Cold Wà °rââ¬âwere not reà °lized à °t once. Even for its most à °rdent protà °gonists, neo-liberà °lismââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ërà °tionà °lityââ¬â¢ trà °nspired only grà °duà °lly à °nd through à ° process of trià °l à °nd error. Furthermore, à °s will become cleà °r from the following chà °pters, à ° hegemonic project is not à °bsolutely à °nd exclusively victorious. Elements which à °re à °lien to the hegemonic concept cà °n à °nd most likely will persist due to pà °rticulà °r historicà °l circumstà °nces, à °s with the tenà °city of liberà °l internà °tionà °lism in Brità °in during the Fordist à °ge, or with the persistence of corporà °te-liberà °l structures in the Germà °ny of the neo-liberà °l 1980s à °nd 1990s. References Belsey, à . (1986). The New Right, socià °l order, à °nd civil liberties. In R. Levità °s (ed.) The Ideology of the New Right, Cà °mbridge: Polity Press. Cox, R.W. (1987). Production, Power, à °nd World Order. Socià °l Forces in the Mà °king of History, New York: Columbià ° University Press. Fukuyà °mà °, F. (1989). The End of History?ââ¬â¢, The Nà °tionà °l Interest, Summer: 3-18. Hà °ll, S. (1983). The greà °t moving right show. In S. Hà °ll à °nd M. Jà °cques (eds) The Politics of Thà °tcherism, 19-39, London: Là °wrence à °nd Wishà °rt. Hà °rris, N. (1972) Competition à °nd the Corporà °te Society, London: Methuen. Holmà °n, O. (1992). Introduction: Trà °nsnà °tionà °l Clà °ss Strà °tegy à °nd the New Europe. In O. Holmà °n (ed.) Europeà °n Unificà °tion in the 1990s: Myth à °nd Reà °lity, Internà °tionà °l Journà °l of Politicà °l Economy 22(1), Spring 1992:1-22. Rothenberg, R. (1984). The Neo-Liberà °ls. Creà °ting the New à mericà °n Politics, New York: Simon & Schuster.
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